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SCIENCE > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Acid+metal

A

Salt+Hydrogen

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2
Q

Acid+Metal Oxide

A

Metal salt+ Water

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3
Q

Acid+ Metal Carbonate

A

Salt+water+carbon dioxide

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4
Q

H2SO4

A

Sulfuric acid

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5
Q

HCl

A

Hydrochloric acid

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6
Q

HNO3

A

Nitric acid

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7
Q

CH3COOH

A

Acetic/Ethanoic Acid (vinegar)

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8
Q

H3PO4

A

Phosphoric acid

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9
Q

Atoms

A

small indivisible building blocks of life

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10
Q

Periodic table

A

List of atoms from smallest to largest

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11
Q

Molecules

A

When atoms stick together, they form clusters known as molecules

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12
Q

Element

A

a substance made up of many of the same atoms

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13
Q

Molecular element

A

A substance made up of the same molecules

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14
Q

Compound

A

a substance made up of molecules or a lattice with different types of atoms

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15
Q

Why do the electrons orbit the protons

A

They are electrically attracted to one another (negative charge in electrons attracted to positive charge in protons)

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16
Q

Atomic number

A

number of protons and electrons in the atom

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17
Q

Mass number

A

Total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus

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18
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses.

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19
Q

Electron configuration

A

no. of electrons in each shell of an atom

e. g. Carbon: 2,4

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20
Q

Electrons can move

A

Electrons in atoms can move and jump up and down between electron shells
this movement creates light
example: fireworks

21
Q

Cation

A

When an electron is removed from an atom and it becomes positively charged

22
Q

Anion

A

When an electron is added to an atom and it becomes a negatively-charged ion

23
Q

Ionic compounds

A

When anions and cations come together, they form compounds called ionic compounds

24
Q

Acids

A

Corrosive substances meaning they react with solid substances, eating them away

25
Q

Bases

A

have a bitter taste and feel slippery or soapy to touch

Some bases are very corrosive

26
Q

Alkalis

A

Bases that can be dissolved in water

27
Q

What is an acid-base indicator for

A

Used to tell whether a substance is an acid or a base

the indicators react with acids or bases, producing a different colour in each

28
Q

Litmus paper

A

turns red in an acid

turns blue in a base

29
Q

bromothymol blue

A

turns yellow in acid

bluish-purple in base

30
Q

PH Scale

A

Numbers on a pH scale show how acidic or basic a substance is
0-7 means acidic
7-14 means basic
7 means neutral

31
Q

Democritus

A

Suggested that all substances consisted of tiny indestructible particles called atoms

32
Q

John Dalton

A

Atomic theory
all matter consists of atoms
atoms are indivisible
atoms of the same element are alike

33
Q

J.J. Thompson

A

Plum pudding model

Atoms were positively charged spheres with negatively charged electrons embedded in them

34
Q

Lord Rutherford

A

consisted mostly of empty space with a dense nucleus containing protons
electrons orbited the shell but would eventually lose energy and spiral in towards the nucleus

35
Q

Niels Bohr

A

Electrons orbit the nucleus at different energy levels
Only electrons with a specific amount of energy could exist at each level
electrons could only move from one level to another by losing or gaining energy

36
Q

Sir James Chadwick

A

discovered that the nucleus also contained neutrons

37
Q

Rutherford’s experiment

A

He fired alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil. Most of the particles went through but few were reflected back. This showed that the atoms in the gold consisted of mostly empty space.

38
Q

Stable or unstable

A

Stable- in some atoms, the protons and neutrons found in the nucleus are held together very strongly
Unstable- in some atoms, the protons and neutrons are not held together strongly, meaning they decay to form other elements. These are radioactive and called radioisotopes

39
Q

Alpha particles

A

cannot travel easily through materials
can be stopped by a sheet of paper or human skin
cause little hazard to external body but can cause serious damage if breathed in

40
Q

Beta particles

A

can penetrate human skin and damage living tissue, but cannot penetrate thin layers of plastic, wood or aluminium.

41
Q

Gamma rays

A

not particles but bursts of energy released after alpha or beta particles have been emitted.
travel at the speed of light and highly penetrating
Can cause serious or permanent damage to living tissue and can be stopped only by a thick shield of lead or concrete

42
Q

Nuclear radiation

A

energy emitted from the nucleus of radioactive substances

43
Q

Brownian motion

A

Robert Brown noticed that pollen grains jiggled around in water. He didnt know why
Einstein realised that this was because of water molecules hitting the tiny pollen grains

44
Q

Gamma decay

A

when a nucleus has excess energy so a gamma ray is emitted form the nucleus

45
Q

Alpha decay

A

When the nucleus is too large so an alpha particle is emitted to reduce the size of the nucleus

46
Q

Beta decay

A

When the nucleus has too many neutrons relative to protons. Neutron changes into a proton and emits an electron

47
Q

Ionic compound

A

Formed when atoms of metals or non-metals come together and lose or gain electrons and become ions

48
Q

Polyatomic ions

A

ions made up of more than one type of atom

49
Q

Acid + Base

A

Salt+Water

SCIENCE (4 decks)

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