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Physics 2 - Mechancis, materials and waves > Simple Harmonic motion, circular motion and oscillations > Flashcards

Simple Harmonic motion, circular motion and oscillations Flashcards

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1
Q

Uniform circular motion is when

A

an object rotates at a steady speed

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2
Q

f =

A

1/T

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3
Q

V =

A

2piR/T

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4
Q

The angular displacement of an object is given by

A

2pitf = 2pit/T

t = time
T = period of one rotation
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5
Q

The angular speed, w =

A

angular displacement per second therefore

w = 2pi/T = 2fpi

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6
Q

The velocity of an object moving around a circle at constant speed continually…

A

changes direction towards the centre of the circle therefore accelerates towards the centre centripetal acceleration

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7
Q

The velocity of an object in uniform circular motion at any point is…

A

along the tangent to the circle at that point

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8
Q

acceleration =

A

v^2 / r

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9
Q

Centripetal force is

A

the resultant force on an object moving round a circle at constant speed

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10
Q

F =

A

mv^2/r = mw^2

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11
Q

theta =

A

2pi * f * t

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12
Q

w =

A

v/r = theta/t = 2pi*f = angular speed (rad/s)

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13
Q

a =

A

v^2 / r = w^2r

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14
Q

T =

A

1/f

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15
Q

sinX =

A

X for small angles

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16
Q

w =

A

2pi / t

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17
Q

Acceleration is always in opposite directions to the

A

displacement

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18
Q

Simple harmonic motion =

A

oscillating motion when acceleration is proportional to the displacement in the opposite direction

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19
Q

a (SHM) =

A

-kx = -(2pi f)^2x = -w^2x

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20
Q

Displacement of bob at time t is x =

A

Acos(2pi * ft)

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21
Q

The resultant force acting towards the equilibrium position is called the

A

restoring force

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22
Q

To decrease the frequency of the spring you can

A

add extra mass

use weaker springs

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23
Q

a (springs) =

A

-km/x

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24
Q

T = (spring) =

A

1/f = 2pi * (m/k)^0.5 for angles less than 10 degrees

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25
Q

T = (string) =

A

2pi * (L/g)^0.5 = mv^2 / L + mg

26
Q

Potential energy =

A

0,5 * spring constant * x^2 where x = distance/amplitude

27
Q

Energy changes between

A

kinetic and gravitational

28
Q

A freely oscillating object =

A

no frictional forces so constant amiplitue

29
Q

Dissipative forces are

A

The oscillations of a simple pendulum gradually die away because air resistance decreases the total energy of the system. The forces causing this decrease of amplitude are called dissipative forces because they dissipate the energy of the system to the surroundings as thermal energy.

30
Q

If dissipative forces then the motion is said to be

A

`damped

31
Q

amplitude =

A

maximum displacement from equilibrium

32
Q

Period =

A

one complete cycle

33
Q

Frequency =

A

number of cycles per second (Hz)

34
Q

Light damping =

A

Time period is independent of amplitude so each cycle takes same length of time as oscillations die away

Amplitude decreases reducing by the same fraction each cycle

35
Q

Critical damping =

A

just enough to stop the system oscillating after it has been displaced and released from equilibrium.

36
Q

Heavy damping =

A

strong damping means the displaced object returns to equilibrium much more slowly than if the system is critically damped. No oscillating motion occurs

37
Q

All types of harmonic oscillators include

A

variations of kinetic and potential energy

38
Q

Energy of oscillator is proportional to

A

a^2

39
Q

motion in circular path at constant speed but varying velocity implying

A

an acceleration and therefore a force

40
Q

Rod in circular motion, when is tension max and min

A

Max: bottom of circle, T = F+W
Min: top of circle, T = F-W

41
Q

Tension > weight because

A

circular motion has net force inwards so tension = F+/- W

42
Q

Damping graph, energy graph, displacement time graphs

A

a

43
Q

The simple pendulum is an example of a system that

A

oscillates with simple harmonic motion

44
Q

w for pendulum =

A

(g/l)^0.5

45
Q

Period of pendulum, T =

A

2pi / w = 2pi (L/g)^0.5

46
Q

To test for simple harmonic motion check for

A

a restoring force that acts directly proportion to the displacement which is increasing

47
Q

Mass-spring system, F = , a =, w^2 =, T =

A 
F = -kx
a = -kx/m
w^2 = k/m
T = 2pi (m/k)^0.5
48
Q

When is tension max or min

A

The tension will be largest at the lowest point because it has to then supply the centripetal force and overcome the weight of he particle. It will be smallest at the highest point since here the weight is contributing to the centripetal force.

49
Q

For simple harmonic motion, a =

A

-kx = (-2pif)^2 * x = -w^2x

= -(2pif)^2(A)(cos2pift) = -w^2 * Acos(wt)

If starts at max displacement

50
Q

For simple harmonic motion, x =

A

Acos(2pi*ft) = Acos(wt) provided it starts at maximum displacement

51
Q

T =

A

1/f = 2pi / w

52
Q

For simple harmonic motion, x =

A

Asin(2pi *ft) = Asin(wt) provided it starts at equilibrium

53
Q

Vmax =

amax =

A

2pifA = wA (maximum then all energy is potential

(2pi*f)^2A = w^2A

54
Q

For simple harmonic motion, v =

A

+- 2pif(A^2 - x^2)^0.5

55
Q

Total energy is directly proportional to

A

the amplitude squared

56
Q

Graph of how potential energy varies with displacement

A

y = x^2

57
Q

Graph of how kinetic energy varies with displacement

A

y = -x^2

58
Q

For a pendulum, T=

A

2pi*(L/g)^0.5

59
Q

For a mass-spring system, T =

f =

A

2pi*(m/k)^0.5

1/2pi * (k/m)^0.5

60
Q

Damping force is directly proportional to the

A

negative of velocity (opposite direction)

Physics 2 - Mechancis, materials and waves (10 decks)

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