Simple Harmonic Motion Flashcards
What is displacement
The distance from the equilibrium position, which is lowest point. Meausred in meters symbol x.
What is amplitude
The maximum displacement from the equilibrium position, meausred in meters symbol A
That is period T
The time to complete one full oscillation. In seconds
What is angular frequency?
It is omega (w) and is the same for circular motion. But in circle motion it is angular velocity.
Equations for SHM
A = -ω^2χ
V = +-ω root A^2 - x^2
V max = ωA
X = Acos(ωt)
X = Asin(ωt)
Facts about SHM
The acceleration of the object is directly proportional to its displacement
And
There is a munis sign means that the acceleration of the object acts in the direction opposite to the displacement making it always return to equilibrium position
Area and energy SHM
At maximum displacement, 0 kinetic energy and maximum potential energy
At equilibrium position, energy potential = 0 and kinetic energy is at its maximum
There for the total energy is always constant.
What is damping
An oscillation is damped when an external force has the effect of reducing the amplitude of its oscillation.
Types of damping
Light damping, amplitude slowly gets smaller
Heavy damping, amplitude has shallow displacement and then very quickly goes to 0
Very heavy damping, it will never have a -ve displacement it will do down and react 0 displacement
What is free oscillation
When a mechanical system is displaced from equilibrium position and then not acted on by other forces and left to oscillate
What is natural frequency
The frequency of free oscillations
What is a forced oscilation
An oscillation caused by a driving force, from wind or a signal generator
What is resonance
When the driving frequency is equal to the natural frequency. It causes the amplitude to increase dramatically
What does damping graph look like.
When damping increases the peak in the line at the natural frequency moves to the left and the peak gets smaller damping on the type of damping.
