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Advanced Higher Physics > Simple Harmonic Motion > Flashcards

Simple Harmonic Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is simple harmonic motion?

A

a common type of oscillation where an object vibrates about an equilibrium position under the influence of an unbalanced force

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2
Q

What must be true about the unbalanced force in simple harmonic motion?

A
  • always directed towards the equilibrium position

* proportional to the displacement of the object from the equilibrium position

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3
Q

What are the equations for simple harmonic motion?

A
  • y=Awsinwt
  • y=Awcoswt
  • a=-w²y
  • F=-kx
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4
Q

What is the relationship between the spring extension and tension?

A

the spring extension is directly proportional to the tension in the spring

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5
Q

How is the constant of proportionality represented?

A

k

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6
Q

What is the opposing equal force to the stationary mass in equilibrium?

A

the resting force

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7
Q

What can be said about spring constant and resting force?

A

they are equal

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8
Q

What is the symbol for the spring constant?

A

k, it has the units Nm⁻¹

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9
Q

What is the equation for Hooke’s law?

A

F=ky

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10
Q

What is the amplitude?

A

the maximum displacement of an oscillating object from the zero displacement (equilibrium) position

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11
Q

What is the frequency of the SHM?

A

the number of complete oscillations performed

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12
Q

For an object to be performing simple harmonic motion what must the net force acting on it be proportional to?

A

displacement

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13
Q

What quantity is continuously changing as an object oscillates?

A

acceleration

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14
Q

What happens as the displacement of the mass increases?

A

the velocity decreases therefore the kinetic energy of the mass decreases

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15
Q

What happens to the lost energy in SHM?

A

it is stored as potential energy in the spring

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16
Q

What is the relationship between elongation and potential energy?

A

The more the spring is stretched or compressed the greater the potential energy stored in it

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17
Q

What is the case when the kinetic energy is at a maximum?

A

when the speed of an oscillating object is at a maximum, this is when the displacement (y) =0

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18
Q

What happens when y=a?

A
  • the velocity is momentarily zero and so the kinetic energy is zero
  • the restoring force acting on the object is at a maximum at this point and so the potential energy is at a maximum
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19
Q

A mass attached to a spring is oscillating horizontally on a smooth surface. At what point in its motion does kinetic energy have a maximum value?

A

when the displacement from the rest position is zero

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20
Q

What does A equal?

A

amplitude

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21
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

Ek=1/2mw^2(A^2-y^2)

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22
Q

What is the equation for potential energy?

A

Ep=1/2mw^2y^2

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23
Q

What happens as a SHM system vibrates?

A

energy is converted between potential (Ep) and kinetic (Ek)

24
Q

What can be said about the energy of waves?

A

The energy of the waves is directly proportional to the square of the amplitude

25
Q

What is the intensity/irradiance?

A

The amount of energy per second per unit area

26
Q

What is power?

A

The amount of energy per second

27
Q

What is the equation for intensity?

A

I=P/A

28
Q

What is intensity directly proportional to?

A

The square of the waves amplitude

29
Q

What does a phase difference of a whole number result in?

A

Perfectly constructive interference

30
Q

What is perfectly constructive interference?

A

Peak meets peak and trough meets trough

31
Q

What does a phase difference of n+1/2 result in?

A

Perfectly destructive interference

32
Q

What is perfectly destructive interference?

A

Peak meets trough and trough meets peak

33
Q

In perfectly destructive interference what is the amplitude?

A

The amplitude of the combined wave is 0m

34
Q

What is the amplitude of a perfectly constructive interference?

A

The amplitude of the combined wave is 2A

35
Q

What is damping?

A

When the amplitude of oscillation of a pendulum gradually decreases to zero due to air resistance

36
Q

What happens to the total energy of a system during damping?

A

The total energy of the pendulum will decrease to zero

37
Q

What happens to the amplitude during damping?

A

The amplitude decreases with each half-damped oscillation

38
Q

What is the phase difference?

A

A measure of the separation of these two points as a fraction of the wavelength and expressed as an angle in radians

39
Q

What happens if the amplitude of a wave doubles?

A

The intensity of the wave increases four times

40
Q

What are nodes?

A

Positions of zero disturbance in a stationary wave

41
Q

What does the distance between nodes equal?

A

Half a wavelength

42
Q

What are points of maximum disturbance called?

A

Antinodes

43
Q

What causes a stationary wave to form?

A

By the superposition (or overlapping) of the incident wave and the reflected wave

44
Q

When does an object not have a simple harmonic motion?

A

When the acceleration(a) or force(F) is directly proportional to the negative displacement from the equilibrium position. This can’t be described as SHM as the object has a constant speed.

45
Q

When does the maximum potential energy in SHM occur?

A

When y has a maximum value i.e y=A

46
Q

What can be said about Ek when Ep is at a maximum?

A

Ek is at a minimum

47
Q

What can be said about the energy of travelling waves?

A

It is directly proportional to the square of the amplitude

48
Q

Do you know the equation to calculate the phase difference?

A

2pix/wavelength

49
Q

What is the disturbance?

A

The height of the combined wave

50
Q

What are coherent waves?

A

Waves with the same path difference

51
Q

What does a phase difference of a whole number multiple of 2 π result in?

A

Perfectly constructive interference

52
Q

What does a phase difference of (n+1/2)x2 π result in?

A

Perfectly destructive interference

53
Q

What do we associate standing waves with?

A

Musical instruments

54
Q

What is the first harmonic often referred to?

A

The fundamental

55
Q

What does the wavelength of any node equal?

A

The distance between adjacent nodes x2

56
Q

What does the amplitude of oscillation depend on?

A

Particle position

Advanced Higher Physics (8 decks)

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