SIMPLE APPREHENSION CONCEPTS AND TERMS Flashcards
- French humanist, logician, and educational reformer
- He criticized the nature of Aristotelian logic & introduced the three-fold activities of the mind
- Such activities later known as mental operations or acts of the mind
pierre de la ramee / peter ramus
It refers to the operations of the mind by which we grasp the meaning of the term, deny or affirm it and reason out for our action
activities of the human mind
3 activities of human mind
simple apprehension
judgement
reasoning
mental products of:
simple apprehension
judgement
reasoning
concept
mental enunciation
argument
external signs of:
simple apprehension
judgement
reasoning
term
proposition
syllogism
simple apprehension - Taken from the latin word ____ which means to seize
prehendere
It is the act of mentally grasping the essence or nature of an object, event, or concept without making any judgments or affirmations about it.
simple apprehension
In this stage, the mind perceives and forms an idea but does not evaluate its truth, significance, or implications
simple apprehension
Occurs when the senses incorrectly perceive an object or phenomenon, leading to an inaccurate mental image
misreception (sensory error)
Occurs when a person applies a concept too broadly, assuming that all similar objects share the same characteristics.
overgeneralization
When a concept is too broad or unclear, leading to confusion due to language barriers, poor communication, or lack of precise terminology.
ambiguity or vagueness
Mistaking one object or concept for another due to perceived similarities.
false analogy (improper association)
The assumption that an entire group or category shares identical characteristics.
stereotyping (cognitive bias)
a mental representation or an abstract idea that groups objects, events, or phenomena sharing common characteristics.
concept
- allow us to categorize and understand the world by organizing information efficiently.
- An idea that starts with an object reality and apprehended by the senses
concept
- A concept by which we understand what a thing is according to what it is in reality independent of our thinking about it
- Refers directly to real, existing objects in the physical world.
first intention
concept refers not to real objects but to concepts about concepts. These are abstract logical constructs that describe how we categorize or classify things rather than things themselves.
second intention
A concept in which we add to our understanding of the nature or essence of a thing, certain attributes which characterize the existence of a thing as perceived by the mind (Ardales, 2008)
second intention
A concept which expresses a “form” and a “subject”. It can be perceived by the senses
concrete concept
A concept which has “form” ONLY. Form refers to abstract quality, intangible, can not be perceived by the senses
abstract concept
Signifies the meaning of complete substance or concept endowed with its independent reality. Definitions are absolute concepts
absolute concept
Signifies the object as an accident existing in a substance. Also called a descriptive concept
connotative concept
Signifies the existence or possession of something
positive concept
Signifies the non-existence or non-possession of something
negative concept
- the external representation of a concept and the ultimate structural element of a proposition
- may be oral, written, or printed
terms
in logic, it is always a sign of a concept or an idea
terms
- has only one meaning regardless of how or where it is used. It is clear, precise, and does not change meaning in different contexts.
- If exhibit similarity in meaning or signification when used in at least two occasions
univocal terms
- has multiple unrelated meanings depending on how it is used. This can lead to confusion if the context is unclear.
- If exhibit difference in meaning or signification whenever they are used in at least two occasions
equivocal terms
- has related meanings that are similar but not identical. These meanings are connected by analogy or comparison.
- express partly the same & partly different meanings when used in at least two occasions
- Proportionality & attribution should be noted
analogous terms
refers to the internal characteristics or properties that define a term. It is the set of attributes that a concept must have to fall under a particular term
comprehension
It is the sum total of all the notes ( the elements that comprise the significance of an idea) that constitute the meaning of a concept.
comprehension
refers to the range or scope of a term, or the actual things (objects or individuals) that fall under the concept. It describes what the term refers to in the real world.
extension
It is the sum total of the particulars to which the comprehension of a concept can be applied
extension
