INTRO TO PHILOSOPHY AND LOGIC Flashcards
- To be filled with curiosity or doubt
- An event inexplicable by the laws of nature; a miracle.
- A feeling of puzzlement or doubt.
wonder
- Walk or move in a leisurely, casual, or aimless way.
- An act or instance of wandering
wander
___ is an act of wondering
philosophy
how and why things in the natural world exist, change, and function
at the achievement of nature
the principle of life and cognition in living beings
at the nature of soul
how societies and political systems organize themselves and the role they play in achieving the good life (eudaimonia).
the way social and political institutions arrange themselves
a Greek Philosopher, was the first to use the term Philosophy
pytagoras
Merchants, Traders
lover of pleasure or gain
Athletes, Competitors
lover of success or honor
philosopher
lover of widom
which type of man is superior according to pytagoras
lover of wisdom
philosophy comes from:
philia - ___
sophia - ___
love
wisdom
means a human person who dares and seeks the truth
love of wisdom
is the science of all things by their first causes as known in light of reason
philoosphy
- is knowledge of causes of things
- The “why” not the “what” must be addressed
scientific knowledge
comes from the Latin verb “scire”, which means to know
science
Study of Moral values and principles
ethics
- Knowledge science
- Explores the nature and limitations of knowledge
epistemology
- Investigates how knowledge is obtained
- Explores the relationship between belief, truth and knowledge
epistemology
- Explores the fundamental nature of reality and being
- Existence, Objects, Properties, Space and Time, Cause and Effect
metaphysics
- Explores nature and the appreciation of beauty, art, and taste.
- Deals with the principles of beauty and artistic taste
aesthetics
From Greek word LOGOS (logos) which means study, reason or discourse
logic
The science and art of correct thinking
logic
___ is the systematic study of the principles of valid reasoning and argumentation
logic
Its purpose is to distinguish between valid and invalid reasoning, fostering clarity in thought and communication.
logic
Ensures coherence and avoids contradictions.
structure arguments
Differentiates sound arguments from fallacies
evaluates reasoning
Challenges assumptions and deepens understanding
promote critical thinking
Logical reasoning allows for consistency in interpreting results and refining scientific theories
scientific knowledge - designing experiments
Logic aids in accurate diagnoses and effective treatment planning.
medicine and health sciences - diagnostic reasoning
Logic ensures fairness and consistency in legal judgments.
law - legal reasoning in court
also known as syllogistic logic, was developed by the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BCE)
aristotelian logic
It is considered the earliest systematic study of formal logic and forms the foundation for Western logical thought.
aristotelian logic
Aristotle’s logic was the ___ of reasoning that analyzed how conclusions follow logically from premises
first formal system
Aristotle introduced the concept of ____ — a structured argument consisting of two premises and a conclusion.
syllogism
Aristotle’s logical writings are compiled in a collection known as the ____ (Greek for “instrument”).
organon
Examines different types of terms and how they relate.
categories
Discusses propositions and their logical relationships.
on interpretation
Develops the theory of syllogistic reasoning
prior analytics
Focuses on scientific reasoning and knowledge.
posterior analytics
Logic trains individuals to analyze arguments, identify fallacies, and evaluate evidence systematically.
enhances critical thinking
Logical reasoning provides tools to break complex problems into manageable parts and develop structured solutions.
improves problem solving skills
Logic helps in organizing thoughts and expressing ideas in a coherent, persuasive manner.
develops clear communication
Studying logic equips individuals to make informed choices based on reasoning rather than emotions or biases.
fosters rational decision-making
Logic helps analyze moral dilemmas by clarifying principles and reasoning through complex situations
promotes ethical reasoning
By fostering curiosity and critical inquiry, logic empowers individuals to question assumptions and explore new ideas.
prepares for lifelong learning
application of logic in health care sciences
- ethical decision making
- diagnostic reasoning
- risk assessment and management
- crisis management
- multidisciplinary collaboration
- evidenced based practice
limitations of logic
- Inability to Address Emotional or Subjective Truths
- cultural and contextual limitations
