Simple and Fractional Distillation

Question 1

What is distillation?

Answer 1

the process of vaporizing a liquid, condensing the vapor, and collecting the condensate in another container

Question 2

What is this technique (distillation) useful for?

Answer 2

separating a liquid mixture when the components have different boiling points.

Question 3

What are the simple break down of steps when doing a distillation?

Answer 3

1. mixture is placed in the distilling flask and contents are heated.
2. vapors are cooled and reliquefied when passed through a water cooled condenser
3. once reliquefied they are collected in the receiving flask

Question 4

What is simple distillation useful for?

Answer 4

separating a liquid mixture when the components have different boiling points, or when one of the components will not distill

Question 5

What is the simple distillation setup/glassware?

Answer 5

distilling flask, distilling head, a condenser, vacuum adapter, and a receiving flask

Question 6

What are the 2 cases when it is possible to get an acceptable separation by using simple distillation?

Answer 6

1. if the boiling points is larger the 100 degrees

2. If A contains a fairly small amount of B

Question 7

Fractional distillation criteria

Answer 7

is the process that has the effect of many simple distillations. Must be used when the boiling point differences of components to be separated are not larger. (less than 40 degrees)

Question 8

Fractional distillation setup/glassware

Answer 8

distilling flask, fractional distillation column, condenser, vacuum adapter, and receiving flask

Question 9

How does the packing found inside the fractional column work to separate a mixture of two components?

Answer 9

packing allows for a mixture of two components to be subjected continuously to many vaporization condensation cycles as the material moves up the column

Question 10

What are the boiling stones used for?

Answer 10

encourages vaporization on its surface (calms the solution down while heating)

Question 11

boiling point

Answer 11

when the state of liquid to gas are at equilibrium

Question 12

Simple distillation curve

Answer 12

gradual

Question 13

fractional distillation curve

Answer 13

abrupt

Question 14

What is Rauolt’s Law? and what is the formula of Rauolt’s Law for Ptotal?

Answer 14

partial vapor pressure of components A in a solution equals the vapor pressure of A times its mole fraction.
Ptotal= P(a) + P(b) = X(a)P(a) + X(b)P(b)

Question 15

When the total pressures equal the applied pressure what happens?

Answer 15

the solution boils