Experiment 9 Flashcards
What are some characteristics discussed in lab in which define an elimination reaction?
- the carbon skeleton loses HX (where X is the halide), or a molecule of water
- formation of a double bond
What is the slow step of an E1 reaction?
the ionization of the substrate to give a carbocation
How does this relate to an SN1 reaction?
the carbocation can either add a nucleophile to finish SN1 reaction or lose a proton to produce an alkene in the E1 reaction
what carbocation intermediate is favored by what kind of nucleophile for an E1 reaction?
strong Bronsted bases will be more effective at removing the proton than a weak
Why can more than one product sometimes be formed during an E1 reaction?
In E1 reaction more than one hydrogen can be removed from the carbocation intermediate. when having to chose, the major product is always the more substituted, more stable alkene
What is Saytzeff’s Rule?
alkene major product is the one with the most alkyl groups
What functional group did bromine test for within the structure of cyclohexane?
presence of a double bond. Bromine will react with an alkene to form a colorless compound
what functional group did ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate test for within the structure of cyclohexane?
ammonium cerium (IV) nitrate tests for alcohols within the structure of cyclohexane
dehydration reactions involve which main key points?
- elimination of water from alcohols
- acid catalyzed
- E1 mechanism
What was the acid used in the dehydration of cyclohexanol?
H3PO4
Alcohols are classified by?
the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbon bearing the -OH group
stability of alkenes
ethylene <1-butene < cis-2-butene < trans-2-butene < 2-methyl 1-2 butene < 2-methyl1-2 butene < 2,3-dimethyl 1-2 butene
