Simnel/ Warbeck

Question 1

Causes of the rebellions: H’s weak claim to the throne

Include counterpoint

Answer 1

Comes from a legitimised female line (Beauforts)

Legitimised on the grounds that they would never make a claim for the throne

JdlP, Earl of Warwick and the PitT all have stronger claims

COUNTER: Winning Battle of Bosworth did improve legitimacy

Question 2

Causes of Simnel rebellion: foreign support

Answer 2

Earl of Kildare gives him 6000 Irishmen (prevented him from gaining English soldiers)

Margaret of Burgundy gives him Schwarz and 2000 mercenaries

Question 3

Causes of Warbeck rebellion: foreign support

Answer 3

France shelters him until the treaty of Etaples

James IV gived him 1400 men and marries him to Catherine of Gordon

Margaret of Burgundy shelters him 2 times and gives him 300 men

Question 4

Causes of the rebellions: failure to successfully unite York and Lancaster
Include counterpoint

Answer 4

The nobility was still quite divided

JdlP and M of B both opposed H repeatedly and play key roles in these rebellions

Stafford rebellion led to Humphrey being executed

COUNTER: Very little disagreement about Prince Arthur’s right to rule

Question 5

Causes: weak dynastic claim

Answer 5

Was a usurper that only had a claim through a female, legitimised line (Beauforts)

This meant that JdlP and the Princes in the Tower had better claims to the throne

Question 6

Weak dynastic claim- who do Simnel and warbeck impersonate?

Answer 6

Simnel- Warwick

Warbeck- Prince Richard (prince in the tower)

Question 7

How do H’s actions contribute to starting the rebellion?

Answer 7

They may have increased resentment

Question 8

Causes- Yorkist disatisfaction (Wars of the Roses)

Answer 8

The Yorkists felt robbed of the crown

Question 9

Causes- Yorkist disatisfaction (Battle of Bosworth)

Answer 9

JdlP, Francis Lovell and the Stafford Brothers all fought at Bosworth

Question 10

Weakness of the Yorkists

Answer 10

They are divided- anti ricardian Yorkists are less willing to play roles in rebellions

Question 11

What are the Yorkists motivated by?

Answer 11

Fears of a potential loss of power and fears of reprisal for fighting against Henry at Bosworth

Question 12

What were the Fitzgeralds of Kildare motivated by?

Answer 12

Potential alliance with a Yorkist England

Question 13

Domestic threat?

Answer 13

Generally limited due to ambivalent nobility- Stanleys and PERCYs switch sides at Bosworth and divisions with anti ricardian yorkists

15 000 join the Cornish tax revolt

Question 14

Why did Kildare support Simnel?

Answer 14

He thought he would have a better chance at political survival because other rival anglo Irish lords were Lancastrians

Question 15

Why was Kildare’s support for Simnel significant threat for H?

Answer 15

Kildare was able to provide him with 6000 men, a base from which to launch an invasion and he was outside of H’s direct reach so he was unable to send an army to Ireland

Question 16

When were the Irish defeated?

Answer 16

1487 at the Battle of Stoke

Question 17

Why did Ireland’s significance not decline in the 1490s?

Answer 17

H did not have the military strength to directly control Irish affairs

Question 18

Aftermath of Kilare’s support of Simnel

Answer 18

Hchose to pardon Kildare but wanted him to take out bonds to ensure his good behaviour. Kildare refused and said an oath of loyalty instead.

Question 19

Why did Kildare not get involved in supporting Warbeck?

Answer 19

He recognised that he had just escaped getting punished for his involvement in the Simnel rebellion

Question 20

Impact of Warbeck being unable to gain Irish support?

Answer 20

Warbeck was forced to leave Ireland quickly.

H realised that Kildare could not be trusted so he replaced him with Poynings. Introduced Poynings’ law which prevented Irish parliament from passing laws without the king’s permission

Question 21

Why was MoB such a large threat?

Answer 21

She was King Richard’s sister and a widow which meant that she was able to control territories in the heir’s name until he came of age

Question 22

Why had Burgundy and Englamd historically had a close relationship?

Answer 22

Burgundy had control over Antwerp, a port which was the main destination of English wool. This meant they were reliant on each other

Question 23

When did MoB allow Warbeck to stay in her country?

Answer 23

1493-5. During this period she got Warbeck to be invited to the former HRE’s funeral where he was recognised as the rightful king of England

Question 24

What did H do to reduce the Burgundian threat? Did this work?

Answer 24

He enforced a trade embargo to put pressure on Burgundy. No because Duke Philip put an embargo on English goods. Tension s only declined when war broke out in Italy

Question 25

Why was France able to absorb Brittany?

Answer 25

The Duke of Brittany died with only a female heiress so the French invaded. H wanted to raise taxes to fight the French but it resulted in a tax revolt

Question 26

Which French king welcomed Warbeck into france?

Answer 26

Charles VIII

Question 27

How did H respond to Warbeck being in France?

Answer 27

He invaded France and because it was preoccupied with Italy, they signed the Treaty of Etaples which forced Warbeck to leave and France paid H a pension of 50 000 per yr

Question 28

Why was Scotland unable to support Simnel?

Answer 28

It was in a state of near civil war

Question 29

When did James welcome Warbeck into Scotland?

Answer 29

1495

Question 30

What did James do to increase Warbeck’s legitimacy?

Answer 30

He married him to Catherine Gordon

Question 31

Why was the Scottish invasion of England unsuccessful?

Answer 31

They ran out of resources

Question 32

Why did the Scottish threat decline after 1497?

Answer 32

James got tired of supporting Warbeck so he sent him away. H and James signed the treaty of Ayton and married Princess Margaret