Signs Symtoms And Treatment Of Illness And Injuries Flashcards
Abdominal pain
Treatment?
.Place person in recline position with knees bent or let person sit in most comfortable position.
.do not give pain killer or anything to drink or eat.
.call Medlink if required.
Aircraft fuel contamination
Treatment?
. All affected clothing off
. Wash the affect area with water.
. If eyes involved gently wash with large amount o water.
Airsickness / motion sickness
Sign and symptoms?
Col and clammy skin
Dizziness
Nausea and possible vomiting
Airsickness / motion sickness
Treatment?
Offer cool, damp washcloth on forehead.
If possible reseat pax in middle of plane
Keep head still resting back and focusing on distant objects.
Offer clear liquids
Call medlink if nausea is present
Allergic reactions
Sigh a and symptoms?
Anxiety
Red, blotchy skin
Swelling of face and neck
Puffiness around the eyes
Impaired breathing
Rapid pulse
Allergic reactions
Treatment?
Ask if any known allergies
Ask if they have any medication
Treat any symptoms e.g. Itchy rash or impaired breathing
Call medlink
Asthma
Signs and symptoms?
Distress and anxiety
Difficulty in breathing
Wheezing
Difficulty in speaking
Grey blue skin
Dry thickly cough
May be exhausted
Unconsciousness may develop
Breathing and heartbeat may stop
Asthma
Treatment?
Reassure and calm pax
Loosen tight clothing
Ask to breath slowly and deeply
Use inhaler
If unconscious with breathing place in recovery position
CPR an AED need if no breathing
Call medlink
External bleeding
Signs and symptoms?
Evidence of external bleeding
Feels faint or giddy
Looks pale
Skin feels cold and clammy
Pulse is rapid but weak
Thirsty
Restless and talkative
Breathing become shallower, sometimes yawning and air hunger
Shock may develop
Possible unconsciousness
External bleeding
Treatment?
Check foreign objects or fracture
If no apply direct pressure using clean dressing
If unable to use direct pressure use indirect pressure. The brachial artery or femoral artery.
Indirect pressure should not b applied more than 10 mins. Release a few seconds da every 5-10 mins to allow circulation.
If possible, raise injured part higher than the heart.
Treat for shock
When bleeding stops or slows down apply another dressing on top of old dressing and bandage it.
Attempt to remove tiny pieces of foreign objects with tweezers.
Never remove object embedded in the wound. Apply pressure on either side or use ring pad.
Call medlink.
If possible raise above heart
Internal bleeding
Sign and symptoms?
Looks pale
Skin feels cd a clammy
Pulse is rapid but weak
Pain
Swelling and tension may be seen or felt
Thirsty
Shock may develop
Absence of obvious blood loss or bleeding from orifices
Confusion, restlessness, possible collapse or unconsciousness
Internal bleeding
Treatment?
Lay down Don’t move
Reassure and make pax relax
Raise legs to allow blood to vital organs
Loosen tight clothing
Keep samples of vomit and give to medical services personnel
Monitor breathing ad pulse.
Call medlink
Blood and body fluid exposure
Treatment?
Alway use universal precautions
If eyes involved immediately wash with large amount of cold water
If in mouth, spit, rinse an repeat
If in broken skin squeeze sides to encourage bleeding and rib r with soap and water
Consult doctor ASAP and blood tests
Bruises
Signs and symptoms?
Pain
Swelling and skin discoloration
Bruise begins as pinkish red color that can be tender to touch
Bruises
Treatment?
Cold compress 15 mins per hour
Do not place I’ve directly on skin
Keep bruise area raised above heart
Rest the bruise by not moving the muscles in that area
If needed offer paracetamol
Seek medical help if swelling around the bruise especially if at joint.
Burns and scalds
Treatment?
Place under cold water for 10 mins.
Apply cold compress for 10 mins
Remove jewellery, watches, or clothing from the area.
Do not remove anything sticking to the burn.
No lotions or ointments
Don’t break blisters
Cover area with a non sterile adhesive dressing and then bandage area
If burn to infant call medlink
Ice burn
Treatment?
Same as normal except no need to cool the burn
Deep burn (3rd degree)
Treatment?
Treat as normal burn as well as:
Treat for shock
Apply paraffin gauze (jelonet) then bandage
Call medlink
Choking
Signs and symptoms?
Difficulty in breathing
Unable to speak
May be gripping the throat
Congestion of face and neck with veins becoming prominent
Lips turn blue eventually
Possible unconsciousness
Choking
Treatment?
Cough
Remove obstructions
Five slaps to the back
Five abdominal thrusts
Repeat five slaps and ten five thrusts till better
Abdominal pain
Signs and symptoms?
Pain in the abdomen
May vomit
Choking for pregnant woman or obese person
Treatment?
Hands on breastbone above where lower ribs join.
Choking for consciousness infant (below 1 year old)
Treatment?
Lay infant on forearm supporting infants cheat an chin.
Five back slaps with heel of hand between shoulder blades.
Check for obstruction
If not successful five cheat trusts using two fingers one fingers width below nipple line.
Repeat slap and thrust.
Choking for unconscious person
Treatment?
Place on hard floor
Check obstruction and remove if seen
Check breathing for ten seconds
If not breathing:
Give 30 compressions
Check airway for obstruction
Two ventilations
Repeat till airway is clear.
If airway clear but pax remains unconscious place in recovery position.
Is airway clear but no breathing start CPR
call medlink
Deep vein thrombosis
Signs and symptoms?
Swelling of the calf
Pain or tenderness in the leg
Redness of the affected leg
Some people may not find out that they have DVT until pulmonary embolism and occurs. in addition to the above the symptoms include:
Chest pain when taking a deep breath
Shortness of breath
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Treatment?
Raise leg at least 6 inches
Loosen tight clothing
If pulmonary embolism occurs give oxygen
Monitor breathing and pulse
Cool medlink
How to prevent deep vein thrombosis?
In courage passengers to carry out in seed exercises as illustrated in the discovery magazine and the in-flight health video
Diabetes (hypoglycaemia) lack of sugar
Signs and symptoms
Cassity recognises the onset of an attack
Feels weak and faint
Possible hunger
Muscle tremors
May appear confused
Sweating
Looks pale
Skin feels cold and clammy
Is stronger than normal pulse
Shallow breathing
Possible unconsciousness may develop
Hypoglycaemia
Treatment?
Help casualty to sit on I down and give him sugary substance
If improves give more sweet food or drink and let rest until fully recovered
If worse call medlink
Monitor breathing and pulse
Diabetes (hyperglycaemia) too much sugar
Signs and symptoms?
Dry skin
Rapid pulse
Deep breathing
Breath smells faintly like nail varnish
Hyperglycaemia
Treatment?
Make casualty comfortable as possible
Call medlink
Monitor breathing and pulse
If unsure which type of diabetes packs is suffering from treat for two little sugar the amount of sugar given Will not worsen the condition
Ear pain
Treatment?
Chew gum
Suck sweet
Swallow with mouth wide open
Pop ears
Still complains of a pain contact medlink.
Emergency childbirth (stage 1)
Signs and symptoms?
Contractions every half an hour.
Water may break at this stage
Emergency childbirth (stage 1)
Treatment?
Reassure mother and make as comfortable as possible
Massage lower back
Inform captain and call medlink
Page for a medical helper
Select place on aircraft with maximum space and privacy prepare blankets pillows boiled water sanitary pads oxygen bottles biohazard kit and maternity care from the in-flight medical kit use the biohazard weights back to dispose of all souls items.
Emergency childbirth (stage 2)
Signs and symptoms?
Contractions are much closer once every five minutes
The mother want to bear down
Emergency childbirth (stage 2)
Treatment
Have a floor with newspapers towels blankets
Help mother into a half sitting position with legs raised
Support back and shoulders
Push with each contraction
When babies head is visible stop pushing and begin panting
Baby’s head and shoulders will appear on the baby will be expelled naturally
Support baby baby will be slippery handled carefully
If umbilical cord is wrapped around the babies net check that it is loose and very carefully pull it over the head to avoid strangulation.
Wipe away any mucus from baby’s mouth or nose
Baby should start to cry at this point if no crying check breathing carry out CPR if necessary
Baby in a clean cloth and laid across the mothers abdomen.
Emergency childbirth (stage 3)
Signs and symptoms?
Mild contractions until the placenta is delivered
Emergency childbirth (stage 3)
Treatment
Encourage mother to push placenta out
To not toll on the umbilical cord
Keep your centre in plastic bag for doctor to examine
Clean the mother
Gently massaged lower abdomen to help the uterus to contract and stop bleeding
Care of mother after childbirth
Provide warm water clean towel and sanitary pad for mother
Keep baby and placenta package near the mother
Care of baby after childbirth?
Straight away wipe away any fluid from its mouth.
Clean baby
Wrap baby up with anything soft and warm
Do not cut the umbilical cord
Epilepsy
Signs and symptoms
Falls unconscious suddenly
Lets out strange cry
Becomes rigid for a few seconds with arching of the back
Breathing May stop for a short time
Lips may turn blue
Convulsive movements begin
Sure maybe clenched loss of bladder or bowel control survival they appear at the mouth blood stained if clips or tongue is bitten.
Muscles relax finally and breathing becomes normal
Regains consciousness after usually within a few minutes
May want to sleep following an epileptic fit
Epilepsy
Treatment?
If possible support fall
Do not move unless in danger
Protect from hurting self by padding area around casualty
To not forcibly restrained movements
Do not put anything in mouth or try to open
And convulsions sees place on recovery position stay with him until he is completely recovered
call medlink
Note if small child has epileptic fit apply wet sponge or towel if above 38.c
Fainting
Signs and symptoms
A brief loss of consciousness
Slow and weak pulse
Looks pale
Sweating
Skin is cold
Fainting
Treatment?
If conscious sit down asked lean forward place head between his knees
Take deep breaths
If unconscious lay down raise legs and monitor breathing and pulse
Call medlink if pax does not recover
Do not give oxygen
Fever
Signs and symptoms?
Body temperature higher than 38 or 100.4
Headache
Muscle aches
Shivering
Sweating
Lack of appetite
Dehydration
Weakness
Modern receiver is not harmful but I feel above 40.c or 104.f can be dangerous and matrical seizures in very young children
Fever
Treatment
Offer paracetamol
Offer plenty of fluids
Remove extra blankets and closing so he can leave the body and help lower the body temperature
Luke warm towel applied to forehead or neck.
Ice or cold water should not be used as it may cause shivering which will raise body temperature
Food poisoning
Signs and symptoms
Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal pain
Diarrhoea
Headache
Fever
Possible shock
Food poisoning
Treatment
Lie down and rest
Plenty of bland fluids to drink
Treat for shock
Call Medlink if vomiting or diarrhoea become severe or persistent
Fracture
Signs and symptoms
Pain or tenderness
Bruising and swelling
D formation of injured area visible broken bones
Poor blood flow in affected area
Inability to move injured area
Shock
Fracture
Treatment
Do not straighten
If visible do not push back in
Control any bleeding cover the wound with a dressing and secure it with a bandage.
Use a splint to pack for closed fracture only or a triangular bandage
Offer a pain killer
Check for circulation by feeling nail bed.
Reapply bandages more loosely if necessary. Check every 10 mins
Monitor casualty particularly for any signs of shock
Call medlink
Heart disorder angina pectoris
Signs and symptoms
Viselike chest pain which may spread to do your and down one or both arms pain eases with rest
Shortness of breath
Tiredness which is often sudden and extreme
Feeling of anxiety
Angina pectoris
Treatment
Sit comfortably
Assist in taking medicine
Give oxygen
Encourage casualty to rest pain should ease within a few minutes
If pain persists suspect and treat for heart attack
Call medlink
Heart attack
Signs and symptoms
Continuous viselike chest pain which spreads down one or both arms and does not ease with rest.
Discomfort in the abdomen may feel similar to severe indigestion
Difficulty in breathing gasping for air
Dizziness or collapse
Pale grey skin
Lips turn blue
Rapid weak and irregular pulse
Profuse sweating
Shock
Unconsciousness may develop
Breathing and heartbeat may stop
Heart attack
Treatment
Treat on spot
Make comfortable in half sitting position
Assist in taking medicine
Loosen tight clothing
Give oxygen
Use AED
treat shock
If unconscious with breathing put in the recovery position
If not breathing normally start CPR
Call medlink
Hyperventilation
Signs and symptoms
Over breathing (deep as fast)
Dizziness
Tingling sensation in the hands
Muscle spasm in hands and feet
No apparent change in skin colour
Hyperventilation
Treatment
Reassure casualty
Breath slowly
If persists use paper bag
If casual tea insists on using oxygen give oxygen but term term bottle off
Call medlink
Hypoxia
Signs and symptoms
Headache and dizziness
Rapid distress breathing and gasping
Fatigue
Blueish discolouration of the skin
Hypoxia
Treatment
Give oxygen
Loosen tight clothing
Call medlink
Miscarriage
Signs and symptoms
Cramp like pain in her lower abdomen
Vaginal bleeding
Shock
Loss of fetus
Miscarriage
Treatment
Reassure mother place her in half sitting position
Do you sanitary pad or clean towel to use
Check and record pulse and breathing rate
Keep any expelled material for medical inspection out of another sight if possible
Do you have oxygen by disposable masks if necessary
Keep mother warm.
Call medlink
Needle stick injury
Treatment
Encourage blood by squeezing edges of wooded area wash with soap and running water consult Dr soon as possible
Nose bleeding
Treatment
Sitdown head forward
Pinch soft part of nose
Do not lean back
Breath through mouth
Don’t speak, swallow, cough or sniff
Spit out any blood from mouth
Apply cold compress to bridge of nose
Release at ten mins intervals till stops
This continues beyond 30 minutes contact medlink
Shock
Signs and symptoms
Rapid and shallow breathing
Pulse rate increases but is weak and irregular
Pale grey skin
Lips turn blue
Weakness and dizziness
Restless and anxious
Nausea and possible vomiting
Sweating and col clammy skin
Thirsty
Finally heart may stop
Shock
Treatment
Treat any obvious cause of shock if possible example external bleeding
Like I shall see down ways of support legs to improve blood supply is a vital organs
Loosen tight clothing
Keep casual warm
Do not give anything to eat or drink
If thirsty moisten lips with water
If unconscious with breathing place in recovery position
CPR AED are needed if there is no breathing
Monitor him breathing and pulse
Call medlink
Smoke or fumes exposure
Signs and symptoms
Irritation eyes nose and throat
Difficulty in breathing
Coughing
Burning sensation around nose or mouth
Unconsciousness may develop
Breathing and heart beat may stop
Smoke or fumes exposure
Treatment
Remove casualty from areas of smoke or fumes
Give oxygen
If unconscious with breathing putting recovery position
CPR and AED are needed if no breathing
Call medlink
Spinal injury
Signs and symptoms
Possible pain or tenderness in The neck or back
Numbness or weakness in legs and arms difficulty in moving limbs
Loss of sensation in areas below injured area
Difficulty in breathing
Irregularity in the normal curve of the spine
Spinal injury
Treatment
If possible do not move pax from where u found them
Check where casualty has loss of movement to determine severity
Get helper and Keep head aligned with neck and spine
Use thick padding such as blankets coats on either side of his head to support it
Call medlink
Strains and sprains
Signs and symptoms
Pain or tenderness
Bruising and swelling
Inability to move or pain when moving injured area
Strains and sprains
Treatment
Set in comfortable position raise and support affected area.
Use cold compress on affected area for about 15 minutes
Apply even pressure on the affected area by surrounding the area with soft padding secured with a bandage
Raise and support the injured limb to reduce blood flow to the injury
Check circulation and reapply bandage more loosely necessary check again every 10 minutes
Stroke
Signs an symptoms
Sudden severe headache
May be confused and anxious
Possible paralysis on one side or both sides of the body dribbling from the mouth slurred speech bus of bladder or bowel control
Unconsciousness may develop
Breathing and heartbeat may stop
Stroke
Treatment
Place casualty down with head and shoulder slightly raised turn head to one side place towel or cloth to absorb dribble.
Loosen tight clothing
To not give anything to eat or drink
Monitor breathing and pulse
If unconscious with breathing put in the recovery position
Apply CPR and AED if no breathing
Call medlink
Hyperventilation
What not to do anymore?
Give paper bag as it may aggravate a more serious illness.
Hysterical attack
What is it?
Hysteria is a subconscious condition caused by psychological stress
Hysterical attack
Signs and symptoms
Attention seeking
Loss of control of behaviour
If unconscious, it can be distinguished from other attacks by following:
Face does not change colour
Person will resist any attempt to open eyes
Usually falls on something soft,will not usually hit head or bite tongue
Seldom occurs unless person present
Hysterical attack treatment?
Take pax to less observed area.
Do not give more attention than necessary
Poisoning
Signs and symptoms
A conscious casualty or an onlooker may tell you poisoning has occurred
Feels unwell, nausea, vomiting
Cramping abdominal pain
Diarrhoea, possibly blood stained
Possible shock
External features such as suspect drug container or alcohol bottles may be clues
Possible unconsciousness
Poisoning
Treatment
Open airway and monitor breathing and pulse
Put pax in recovery position
If chemical on skin- flush away any residual chemical on the skin with plenty of cold water
If swallowed poison drug or food- do not induce vomiting as this may do further harm.
Maintain open airway, breathing and circulation and try identifying poison.
Food poisoning- plenty bland fluids
For drug poisoning- keep airway clear and recovery position
Call medlink if vomiting or diarrhoea become severe.
Infectious disease
When to expect?
Temperature over 38.c or 100.4.F
And one or more of the following:
Obviously unwell Persistent couching Breathing difficulties Persistent bloody diarrhoea Persistent vomiting Skin rash Bruising or bleeding without injury Severe headache Joint and muscle pain
Head injury signs & symptoms
Confusion, lose of memory
Wound on scalp
Clear liquid or watery blood flowing from ears & nose
Dropping one side of face
Dizziness & nausea
Mild headache
Unequal pupil size
Neck & back injury
Signs & symptoms
Pain and tenderness in neck and back
Numbness in legs and arms
Difficulty moving limbs
Loss sensation below affected area
Irregularity in the curve of the spine
Difficulty in breathing
Head injury
Treatment?
Reclining position with head slightly raised
Keep warm
Give O2
Dress open wounds
Neck and back injury treatment?
Do not move pax if possible
Determine nature and severity:
> ask to move toes
test for loss of movement
test to see they can feel your touch
Stabilise neck
Put thick padding
