Illnesses And Injuries Flashcards
Shock
What are signs and symptoms
Rapid and shallow breathing Pulse rate increases but is weak and irregular. Pale grey skin Lips turned blue Weakness and dizziness Restless and anxious Nausea and possibly vomiting Sweating cold and clammy skin Thirsty Finally the heart may stop
Unconsciousness
What is treatment
Check level of consciousness Ensure airway is clear Loosen tight clothing Treat any serious wounds or fractures Keep casualties warm Give oxygen if difficulty in breathing Use a AED Monitor breathing and pulse Call med link
Shock
what is the treatment
Treat any obvious cause of shock if possible example external bleeding.
Lay casualty down keep the head low raise and support the legs to improve the blood supply to the vital organs example brain heart and lungs.
Loosen tight clothing
Keep casualty warm
Do not give anything to eat or drink if he’ll she complains of thirst moisten his lips with water.
If unconscious with breathing place him in the recovery position
CPR and AED are needed if there is no breathing
Monitor breathing and pulse
Call medlink
Fainting
What are signs and symptoms
Hey brief loss of consciousness
Slow and weak pulse
Looks pale
Sweating
Scheme is cold
Fainting
What is the treatment
If the casualty is conscious sit him down asking to lean forward and place his head between his knees
Take deep breaths
If he becomes unconscious lay him down. raise his legs and monitor breathing and pulse
Call medlink if the passenger does not recover in a few minutes
Choking
What are the signs and symptoms
Difficulty in breathing
Unable to speak
May be gripping the throat
Congestion of the face and neck with veins becoming prominent
Lips turn blue eventually
Possible unconsciousness
Choking
What is the treatment
Encourage the casualty to cough. Remove any obvious obstructions from the mouth.
If unsuccessful apply five sharp and forceful backslaps. Support persons upperbody with one hand help lean the person forward. Applied backslaps between the shoulder blades with the heel of your hand stop if the obstruction cleared check the mouth.
If still unsuccessful. Apply five sharp abdominal thrusts. Stand behind the casualties and make sure that the person is bending well forward. With one hand make a fist place the thumb side of the fist on the casualties upper abdomen. Grasp your fist firmly with the other hand and Pull sharply inward and upward against the abdomen.
Is still unsuccessful repeat both procedures.
For pregnant women use chest thrusts.
Ear pain
What is the treatment
Asked the casualty to chew gum suck a sweet.
If it does not ease the pain tell the casualties to swallow with his mouth wide open.
Close mouth pinch nose and blow through his nose
If casualty still complains of a pain contact medlink for advice
Air sickness
Sights and symptoms
Cold and clammy skin
Dizziness
Nausea, and possible vomiting
Air sickness/ motion sickness.
Treatment
Cold damp wash cloth
Reseat in middle aircraft to seat over front edge of wings.
Keep head still focus on distant objects.
Clear liquids
Call medlink if nausea Is present and becomes severe or persistent.
Heart disorders (angina pectoris) Signs and symptoms?
Vice-like chest pain, which may spread to the jaw and down one or both arms. Pain eases with rest.
Shortness of breath
Tiredness, which is often sudden and extreme.
Feeling of anxiety.
Heart disorders (angina pectoris)
Treatment
Make casualty sit comfortably.
Assist casualty in takin his medicine if available.
Give oxygen
Encourage casualty to rest. The pain should ease within a few mins.
If pain persists, or returns suspect and treat for a heart attack.
Call medlink.
Heart disorders (heart attack)
Signs and symptoms
Continuous vice like chest pain which may spread to the jaw and down one or both arms. The pain does not ease with rest.
Discomfort in the abdomen
Difficulty in breathing gasping for air
Sudden dizziness or collapse
Pale grey skin
Lips turned blue
Rapid weak and irregular pulse
Profuse sweating
Shock
Unconsciousness may develop
Breathing and heartbeat may stop
Heart disorders (heart attack)
Treatment
Treat on the spot
Make the The casualty comfortable and in a half sitting position
Assist casualty in taking his medicine if available
Loosen tight clothing
Give oxygen
Use AED
Treat shock.
If unconscious with breathing put casualty in the Recovery position.
If not breathing normally start CPR
A few minutes of warnings- headache, dizziness, ringing in the ears, spots before eyes.
Call medlink
Stroke
Signs and symptoms
Sudden severe headache
The casualty may be confused and anxious
Depending on the seriousness of the casualty, he may have paralysis on one side or both sides of the body. May dribble. Slurred speech. Unequally displayed pupils and even loss of bladder or bowel control.
Unconsciousness may develop
Breathing and heartbeat may stop
Stroke
Treatment
Lay casualties down with his head and shoulders slightly raised. Turn his head to one side and place a towel cloth to absorb any dribble.
Loosen tight clothing
Do not give anything to eat or drink
Monitor breathing and pulse
If unconscious with breathing out casualty in the recovery position.
Apply CPR and AED if there is no breathing
Call Medlink.
Deep vein thrombosis
Signs and symptoms
Swelling of the calf
Pain or tenderness in the leg
Redness of the affected leg
If not aware they have DVT casualty may show the following signs:
Chest pain when taking a deep breath
Shortness of breath
Deep vein thrombosis
Treatment
Raised affected leg at least 6 inches to prevent the clot from enlarging and to reduce swelling.
Some tight clothing
If pulmonary embolism occurs give oxygen.
Monitor breathing and pulse
Call medlink.
Prevent this from happening encourage passenger to carry out in exercise.
Diabetes
Signs and symptoms
Feels weak and faint
Possible hunger
Muscle tremors
May appear confused
Sweating
Looks pale
Skin feels cold and clammy
Stronger than normal pulse
Shallow breathing
Possible unconsciousness may develop.
Diabetes
Treatment
Help to sit or lie down and give a sugary drink sugar lumps chocolate or other sweetened food.
If improves quickly give more sweet food or drink at rest until feels fully recovered.
Condition does not improve call medlink.
Monitor breathing and pulse
Needlestick injury
Treatment
If you use needle blade causes injury encourage bleeding by squeezing the edges of the wound area.
Wash the area with soap and running water.
Consult a doctor as Soon as possible for further treatment tests.
Hypoxia. (Lack of oxygen)
Signs and symptoms
Headache and dizziness
Rapid distressed breathing and gasping
Fatigue
Blueish discolouration of the skin.
Hypoxia (lack oxygen)
Treatment
Give oxygen
Loosen tight clothing
All medlink
Hyperventilation (emotional over breathing)
Signs and symptoms
Overbreathing deep and fast
Dizziness
Tingling sensation in the hands
Muscle spasm in the hands and feet
No apparent change in skin colour
Hyperventilation (emotional over breathing)
Treatment
Reassure the casualty
Instruct the casualty to breath slowly.
If the problem persists cover his mouth and nose with a paper bag and ask him to breathe slowly to allow the carbon dioxide to reach its correct level.
If the casualty insists on using oxygen out on mask on without turning the bottle on. Stay with the casualty until he recovers ensure he does not turn the oxygen on himself.
Call medlink
Asthma
Signs and symptoms
Distress and anxiety
Difficulty in breathing
Wheezing as the casualty breves out
Difficulty in speaking and whispery
Grey blue skin
Dry tickly cough
May be exhausted
Unconsciousness may develop
Breathing and heartbeat may stop
Asthma
Treatment
Reassure and calm the casualty
Loosen tight clothing
Ask casualty to breathe slowly and deeply
Using inhaler if available
If unconscious with breathing put in the recovery position
CPR and AED are needed if there is no breathing.
Call med link
Epilepsy
Signs and symptoms
Casualty suddenly falls unconscious after letting out the strange cry
Casualties body becomes rigid for a few seconds with arching the back
Breathing May cease for a short time
Lips may turn blue
Convulsive movements begin
Jaw maybe clenched in breathing noisy with loss of bladder or bowel control. Saliva may appear at the mouth bloodstained if lips or tongue is bitten
Finally the muscles relax and breathing becomes normal
Casualty regains consciousness usually within a few minutes.
He may feel dazed and be unaware of his actions.
The casualty may want to sleep following an epileptic fit.
Epilepsy
Treatment
If possible support casualty or ease fall.
Do not move him unless he is in danger.
Protect the casualty from hurting himself by Padding area around casualty.
Do not forcibly restrained his movements
Do not put anything in his mouth or try to open it
When the convulsions cease placing in the recovery position stay with him until he is completely recovered.
Call med link
Fever
Signs and symptoms
The temperature higher 38 Celsius 100
Headache
Muscle aches
Shivering
Sweating
Lack of appetite
Dehydration
Weakness
Anything above 40°C can be very dangerous and may trigger seizures very young children.
Fever
Treatment
Offer paracetamol. Medication is not always needed to lower temperature
Plenty of fluids
Remove extra blankets and closing so he can leave the body lower body temperature.
Lukewarm tell applied to forehead or neck may help ice packs of water should not be used as it may cause shivering which races the body temperature
Call medlink if fever persists after one hour
Nosebleed
Treatment
Head well forward
Pinch soft part of nose
Breath through mouth
Do not speak swallow cough sniff
Tell casualty to spit out any blood from mouth
Let’s go after 10 minutes keep breathing through mouth
If keeps bleeding Carrie procedure for next 30 minutes
Call med link if continues
External bleeding
Signs and symptoms
Evidence
Feels faint giddy
Looks pale
Skin feels cold and clammy
Pulse is rapid but week
Thirsty
Restless and talkative
Breathing becomes shallower sometimes accompanied by yawning and air hunger.
Shock me develop
Possible unconsciousness
External bleeding
Treatment
Check foreign object or fracture at the sight of the wound.
There is no foreign object or fracture scene apply direct pressure on the wound using a clean dressing to try to stop the bleeding.
If unable to use direct pressure example leading with fracture with large embedded foreign object then use indirect pressure.
Indirect pressure should not be applied for more than 10 minutes at a time. Release for a few seconds every 5 to 10 minutes to allow circulation.
If possible raise the injured party higher than the heart.
Treat for shock
When bleeding stops or slows down apply further dressing.
Tiny phone objects stuck in the skin such as broken glass wooden splinter can usually be successfully be removed with tweezers.
Never remove objects that are embedded within the wound.
Internal bleeding
Signs and symptoms
Looks pale
Skin feels cold and clammy
Pulse is rapid but the weak.
Pain
Swelling and tension may be seen or felt
Thirsty
Shock may develop
The absence of obvious blood loss or bleeding from offices.
Confusion restlessness possibly leading to collapse and unconsciousness.
Internal bleeding
Treatment
Lay casualty down instruct him not to move
Reassure casualties and explain the necessity to relax.
Raise legs to allow more blood supply to vital organs.
Loosen tight clothing
Keep samples of vimit and give it to emergency medical services personnel
Monitor breathing and pulse
Call medlink
Burns and scalds
Treatment
Place under slow running Coldwater. Apply cold compress for about 10 minutes.
Remove jewellery watches or constricting closing from injury area
Cannot remove anything sticking to the burn
Cannot break any blisters to avoid infection
Cover area was a sterile non-adhesive dressing and then bandage the area
For any burns on children please contact medlink.
Fracture
Signs and symptoms
Pain or tenderness
Bruising and swelling
Deformation of injured area such as shortening of Limb or visible broken bone ends.
Poor blood flow in the affected area
Inability to move injured area
Shock.
Fracture
Treatment
Do not try to straighten the fractured limb
If there is bone visible do not push the bone back in or touch it.
Control any bleeding cover wound with addressing and secure with bandage
Offer the casual tea painkiller
Check circulation by feeling skin and checking colour of nail bed reapplied bandages more loosely if necessary check every 10 minutes
Monitor the casualty particularly for any signs of shock.
Call medlink
Final injury
Signs and symptoms
Possible pain or tenderness in Nickelback
Numbness or weakness in legs arms and difficulty in moving limbs
Loss of sensation in areas below the injured area
Irregularity in the normal curve of spine
Difficulty in breathing
Spinal injury
Treatment
If possible do not move the casualty from the position in which you found
Determine the nature and severity of injury ask T to move his toes feet and legs and arms to test for loss of movement. Check if he can feel you touching his arms and legs.
Stabilise casualties Nick have your help kneeling behind the casualties head and keep his head aligned with his neck and spine.
Put thick padding such as Rolled up blankets coats on either side of his head to support it.
Call medlink.
Strange and sprains
Signs and symptoms
Pain or tenderness
Brusing and swelling
Inability to move or pain when moving injured area
Strains and sprains
Treatment
Help casualties sitting comfortably raise and support affected area
Cold compress on affected area 15 minutes
Apply even pressure affected area by surrounding area with soft padding secured with bandage
Raise and support the injured limb check circulation reapplied bandage more loosely if necessary check every 10 minutes.
Bruises
Signs and symptoms
Pain swelling and skin discolouration the Bruce begins as a pinkish red, can very easily tender to touch
Bruises
Treatment
Cold compress 15 minutes per hour.
Keep raised above
Rest the bruised body part
If needed paracetamol
Seek medical help if the swelling around the bruise especially if it occurs at a joint
Food poisoning
Signs and symptoms
Nausea and vomiting abdominal pain diarrhoea headache fever possible shock
Food poisoning treatment
Help casualty lay down and rest
Give plenty of Bland fluids to drink
Treat for shock
All med link if severe.
Allergic reactions
Signs and symptoms
Anxiety. Red blotchy skin swelling of the face and make puffiness around the eyes impaired breathing rapid pulse
Allergic reactions what is the treatment
Asked passenger if they know of any allergies
Treat any symptoms example itchy rash or impaired breathing
Ask passenger if they have any medication to treat the allergic reaction example EpiPen
Call medlink
Abdominal pain signs and symptoms
Pain in the abdomen may vomit
Abdominal pain treatment
Place person in comfortable position.
Do no give pain killer food drink.
Call me link if needed
Aircraft fuel contamination.
Treatment
Remove all effected clotting.
Wash affected area
If eyes involved was eyes with large amounts of water.
Smoke and fumes exposure. Signs symptoms
Irritation eyes nose throat. Difficult to breath Cough Burn sensation in nose or mouth Unconsciousness may develop Breathing and heartbeat may stop
Smoke or fumes exposure
Treatment
Remove from affected area. Give oxygen I unconscious with breathing recovery position CPR and AED needed if no breathing Call medlink
Miscarriage
Treatment
Reassure Clean towel Check pulse Keep expelled material for medical inspection Give oxygen if needed Keep mother warm Call med link
Blood and body fluid exposure
Treatment
Eyes - wash with large amounts of water
Mouth- spit out all blood rinse with water
Broken skin- squeeze edges of skin wash with soap and running water.
Consult doctor.
Actions when giving first aid?
Treat on spot
Check level of consciousness
Check vital signs
Obtain history
Obtain sighs and symptoms
Diagnosis and treatment
Medical support
Other considerations
