Signs, Symptoms & Medical Side Effects of CVD

Question 1

List signs and symptoms of

rheumatic heart disease

Answer 1

• Stenosis
• Heart murmurs, due to scarring of valves and myocardium
• Arrhythmia
• Dyspnoea
• Angina pectoris
• Epistaxis (acute haemorrhage from the nostril, nasal cavity, or nasopharynx)
• Elevated diastolic blood pressure

Question 2

List signs and symptoms of infective endocarditis

Answer 2

Flu-like symptoms, such as fever and chills
• Heart murmur
• Fatigue
• Aching joints and muscles
• Night sweats
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain when you breathe
• Swollen feet, legs or abdomen

Question 3

List signs and symptoms of valvular heart defects

Answer 3

• Palpitations
• Mild chest pain
• Fatigue
• Dizziness or fainting (with aortic stenosis).
• Fever (with bacterial endocarditis).
• Rapid weight gain

Question 4

List signs and symptoms of cardiac arrhythmias

Answer 4

• Fluttering in the chest
• Chest pain
• Fainting/ dizziness

Question 5

List signs and symptoms of hypertension

Answer 5

• Headache
• dizziness
• blurred or double vision
• Chest pain/ angina
• breathlessness

Question 6

List signs and symptoms of coronary heart disease

Answer 6

Angina
• Chest pain, under sternum
• Radiated pain into mandible/ left arm
• Crushing, heavy sensation
• Anxiety
• Sweating
• Difficulty breathing

Congestive heart failure: (heart can’t pump enough blood around body)
• Fluid build up

Myocardial infarction (complete blood loss to heart)
• Difficulty breathing, shortness in breath
• Cold sweat
• Radiated pain into mandible/ left arm
• Crushing, heavy sensation

Question 7

List signs and symptoms of congenital heart disease

Answer 7

• Easily fatigued
• Exertion dyspnoea
• Cyanosis
• Heart murmur (turbulent flow of blood through valve that has failed to close)
• Congestive heart failure
• Poor growth and development
• Chest deformity

Question 8

List the 5 types of cardiovascular medications

Answer 8

Antihypertensives

ACE inhibitors for hypertension and congestive heart failure

Anticoagulant medications

Nitro-glycerine

Antiarrhythmic medications

Question 9

Discuss the oral complications associated with antihypertensives

Answer 9

• Xerostomia
• Burning mouth syndrome
• Loss of taste
• Gingival hyperplasia
• Lichenoid reactions

Question 10

Discuss the oral complications associated with ACE inhibitors

Answer 10

• Xerostomia due to diuretic actions
• Burning mouth syndrome
• Loss of taste
• Lichenoid reactions

Question 11

Discuss the oral complications associated with anticoagulant medications

Answer 11

• Gingival bleeding
• Haematomas
• Petechiae

Question 12

Discuss the oral complications associated with nitro-glycerine

Answer 12

• Xerostomia

Question 13

Discuss the oral complications associated with antiarrhythmic medications

Answer 13

• Xerostomia

* Gingival hyperplasia

Question 14

Discuss modifications to periodontal treatment associated with hypertension

Answer 14

• Postpone treatment until hypertension is under control
• Use stress reduction strategies
• LA not harmful, though lower levels of epinephrine may be considered

Question 15

Discuss modifications to periodontal treatment associated with angina pectoris

Answer 15

• If stable angina, appointments should be short, early morning
• Relaxed atmosphere
• Patient’s supply of nitroglycerine should be placed within reach

Question 16

Discuss modifications to periodontal treatment associated with closed- heart surgery

Answer 16

• No contraindications