Signs & Symptoms Flashcards
Name the Disorder
- **painful swelling of bilateral hands and feet
- Edema
- Feeling of dehydration
- Jaundice
- Muscle weakness
- Dizziness**
- Painful inflamed joints
- Fatigue
- Rapid heart rate
- Abdominal pain
- After intense exercise, dehydrated, or changing altitude experience symptoms
- Pain that lasts for extended periods of time and repeated motions
Anemia (low hemoglobin)
Population = children under age 5, pregnant women, women > men, elderly
Tx = bone marrow stem cell transplant
Name the Disorder
- Blood in urine/stool
- Joint pain/swelling
- unexplained/excessive bleeding
- large/deep bruises
- Frequent nosebleeds
- prolonged time to clot (aPTT, PT)
Hemophilia (hereditary blood clotting disorder)
Prevalence = x-lined, males
Tx = stretching, strengthening, mobility
Name the Disorder
- Fever (infection)
- Bleeding or bruising
- Fatigue or feeling weak
- Feelings of dizziness
- Dyspnea
- Dramatic weight loss
Severe may lead to stroke, severe visual impairment, labored breathing
Leukocytosis (high WBC count)
Dx = blood smear
Tx = Antibiotics/antihistamines, diaphragmatic breathing, smoking cessation, etc.
Name the Disorder
- Fever/inflammatin
- infections that won’t go away
Leukopenia (low WBC count)
Dx = bone marrow biopsy
Med Tx = growth factor medications, lifestyle changes; PT Tx = strengthening, exercise/gait endurance
Name the Disorder
- pain in hand/foot (d/t ischemia)
- Strokes
- Kidney dysfunction
- sustained erectinos
- Pneumonia
- ulcer
- prone to infection –> enlargement of spleen
- Enlarged liver –> jaundice
- Cardiovascular pain crisis = hands and feet swelling, pain
Sickle Cell Anemia (cresent shaped cells)
Labs = blood smear, creatinine test, BUN
Prevalance = African Americans
Tx = blood transfusion, Stem cell/bone marrow transplant, avoid high altitidues, energy conservation, vitals
Name the Disorder
-** excessive clotting**
- redness, numbness, tingling
- headache, weakness, fatigue, dizziness
- Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen), easy brusing
- DVT (swelling of extremity, pain, tenderness, redness, cramping, feeling of calf muscle that is directly increased w/ DF)
- asymptomatic until # exceeds 1 million/mm
Thrombocytosis (increased platelets)
Med Tx = low dose aspirin
PT Tx = eat healthy foods, physical activity, weight loss/smoking cessation
Name the Disorder
- Purpura (rash of purple spots)
- Petechiae (tiny purple, red, or brown spots)
- Bleeding from the gums
- Frequent and long lasting nose bleeds
- Blood blisters in mouth
- Excessive and prolonged mentrual bleeding
- Blood in urine/stool
- Pts w/ frequent bleeds may experience anemia
- intracranial hemorrhage
- Fatigue, anxiety, depression
Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets)
Lab = blood smear
Med Tx = intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids
Name the Disorder
- Persistent open sore
- Red patch on face, chest, arms, shoulders
- Scar like area
- Reddish nodule
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Most common type of CA in Caucasians, Hispanics, Chinese Asians & Japs
Dx = biopsy
ABCDE = asymmetry, borders, color, diameter, evolving
Name the Disorder
- Elevated growth w/ central depression that may continue to grow
- Open sore that does not heal and continues to bleed and crust
- Wart-like growth
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
most common skin CA among Africain Americans and Asian Indians
Dx = Biopsy
Name the Disorder
- Early signs similar to influenza
- Fever
- Fatige
- Weight loss
- SOB
- Easy brusing
- May experience swelling of gums
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
occurs in both children and adults
Name the Disorder
- Enlarged spleen
- Loss of appetite (d/t pressure from spleen on stomach)
- mild fever
- night sweats
- Accelerated stage = bleeding, petechiae, ecchymosis
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Mainly affects adults
Name the Disorder
- palpable liver
- Enlarged Spleen
- Pale complexion
- Fever
- Brusing
- Fatigue
- Arm or leg pain
- Enlarged lymph nodes
- Fever, night sweats, weight loss
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
Most common type of leukemia in chlidren. Also affects adults.
Name the Disorder
- (+) Reed-Sternberg cells
- Painless enlargement of proximal lymph nodes (neck, underarm, groin)
- Painless, firm, enlarged proximal lymph nodes > 1cm diameter, usually unilateral neck or groin
- unexplained fever & night sweats
- weight loss
- pruitis (itching over whole body)
- Anemia
- Jaundice
- Edema
- Nonproductive cough, dyspnea
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Risk Factors = infected w/ epstein-barr virus or infectious mono
Dx = biospy
Epidemiology = less common, males
Name the Disorder
- (-) Reed-Sternberg cells
- Painless peripheral lymph node swelling that can spread t/o lymph system, then to brain, liver, or bone marrow
- Enlarged peripheral lymph nodes
- Fever, night sweats
- Weight loss
- Bleeding
- Widespread itching/red skin
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Risk Factors = HIV virus
Dx = biopsy
Epidemiology = more common, 40 - 60 y.o., males
Name the Disorder
- bone pain (esp in spine or chest at night)
- Nausea
- Constipation
- Loss of appetite
- Mental fogginess or confusion
- unusual fatigue
- Unexplained weight loss
- Leg weakness or numbness
- Excessive thirst
- Excessive bruising
- Unusual bleeding
Typically originates in vertebrae
Myeloma
Labs = M proteins in blood
Dx = bone marrow biopsy
Med Tx = Stem cell transplant
PT Tx = strengthening, endurnace, ROM, ADLs
Name the Disorder
- painful or non-painful lump that may be felt t/o the skin
- pain in diffuse area
- bone pain
- broken bone w/o injury
- abdominal pain
- weight loss
Sarcoma (tumor affecting connective tissue, soft tissue, and various body locations)
Dx = biopsy
Name the Disorder
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia
- Weight loss (in type 1)
- hyperglycemia
- glycosuria
- ketonuria
**- Fatigue **& weakness
- Blurred vision
- Irritability
- Recurring skin, gums, bladder, vaginal, or other infections
- Numbness/tingling in hands and feet
- Cuts/bruses that are difficult and slow to heal
Diabetes
T1 = little/no insulin is produced, youth; T2 = > 40 yrs insulin resist
FBG > 126 = diabetes
Name the Disorder
- may be awaken from sleep
- lumps under skin that cause crepitus
- redness
- swelling
- low grade fever/chills
- symptoms occur 10 days - 2 weeks if untreated
- Symptoms can spread affecting > 1 joint
- Symptoms are present mostly in peripheral joints (great toe, ankle, heel, knee, and wrist)
Gout
Risk = middle age, menopause, obesity, incr stress, purine rich foods
Cause = elevated uric acid triggers inflammation
Epid = caucasian, men
Med Tx = NSAIDs or corticosteroids, decrease consumption of red meats & soda
Name the Disorder
- elderly most often affected
- present in larger joints (hips and knees)
- X-ray can show deposits of crystals in joints (typically w/ fibrocartilage of menisci)
- typically idopathic (may be secondary to another metabolic disorder)
Pseudogout
Name the Disorder
- arthropathy (joint disease)
- Arthralgias (joint pain)
- Myalgias (muscle pain)
- Progressive weakness
- Bil pitting edema (LE)
- Vague abdominal pain
- Hypogonadism (lask of menstrual periods, impotence)
- CHF
- Hyperpigmentation of the skin (gray/blue to yellow) - Loss of body hair
-** Diabetes mellitus - Enlarged liver**
Hemochromatosis (increased iron)
Epidem = men, women ~ 60 y.o. (menopause)
Med Tx = take out iron and vitamin C from diet, Chelatin Therapy
Name the Disorder
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Drowsiness, leathargy
- Nausea, vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Muscular twitching
- Convlusions
- Coma (severe)
- Rapid, deep breathing (hyperventilation)
Metabolic Acidosis
Causes = dieabetes ketoacidosis, renal failure, severe diarrhea
pH < 7.35, cardiac dysthythmias, bone disease w/ chronic acidosis
Name the Disorder
- nausea
- Prolonged vomiting
- Diarrhea
-** Confusion - Irritabilty
- Agitation**, restlessness
- Muscle twitching and muscle cramping
- Muscle weakness
- Paresthesias
- Convulsions
- Eventual coma
- Slow, shallow breathing
Metabolic Alkalosis
Cause = loss of H+ ions, excessive vomiting
pH > 7.45, cardiac dysrthmias
Name the Disorder
- Obesity (waistline > 40 in men, > 35 in women)
- Triglycerides > 150mg/dL
- HDL < 50mg/dL for women; < 40 mg/dL for men
- Elevated BP
- Insulin resistance
Metabolic syndrome
Med Tx = aerobic exericse 3-5x/wk; resistance exercise 2-3d/wk
Name the Disorder
- adult version of Rickets
- Bone pain
- skeletal deformities
- Fractures, fatigue, falls
- Decreased functional status/during rehab
- Severe muscle weakness/bone pain
- Myalgia
- Decalcification of bones particularly in the spine, pelvis, and LE
- Pseudofractures (bowing of bones)
Osteomalacia
Dx = bone mineral density (T-score < -2.5 = osteoporosis), blood panal, biopsy
Med Tx = vitamin D
Name the Disorder
- Back pain
- Compression fracture
- Bone fractures
- Decrease in height (> 1 inch)
- Kyphosis
-
Dowager’s hump (increased neck flexion w/ head down posturing)
-** Decreased activity tolerance** (d/t collapse of rib cage, so lungs can’t expand) - Early satiety
Osteoporosis
Labs = T-score < - 2.5
Cuases = insufficient Ca2+, smoking, excessive caffeine/alcohol
Tx = weight bearing exercises, nutrition, lifestyle modificaiton
Name the Disorder
-** Vertebral compression & collapse (protruding skull)
- Bone pain that is aching gets better w/ exercise, or painful at night
- muscle weaknss
- Increased size and abnormal contour of clavicles**
- Pain & stiffness
- bowing of long bones
- headaches & dizziness
- Fatigue
Paget’s Disease (aka Osteitis Deformans)
osteoclasts > osteoblasts; genetic disorder
Dx = DEXA
Tx = ROM, strength, flexibiltiy, energy conservation, fx prevention
Name the Disorder
- Nausea
- Vomiting
**- Loss of appetite - Postprandial fullness**
- Bloating
- Upper abdominal pain
Gastroparesis
Cause = damage to Vagus n., diabetes is linked
Dx = Gastric emptying study
Tx = smaller portions & eating more frequently, avoid laying down for 2 hours post eating, light exercise, Gastric e-stim & pacing
Name the Disorder
- heartburn (30 - 60 minutes post meals/upon reclining)
- Dysphagia
- non-cardiac chest pain
- Regurgitation
- Sore throat
- Bitter/sour taste in back of throat
- Cough
- Dental erosions
- asthma
- Laryngitis
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Risk = age > 40, obesity, hiatal hernia, pregnancy, asthma
Dx = barium swallow
Tx = lifestyle modifications (elevate HOB, modifiy size & composition of meals)
Name the Disorder
- RLQ pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Anorexia (d/t pain & discomfort)
- Fever (low grade adults; high grade children)
- Coated tongue
- Bad breath
- muscle guarding/rigidity
Appendicitis
Dx = McBurney’s point, pinch-an-inch test, CT scan/ultrasound
Name the Disorder
**- Paiful abdominal cramps **(pain can be steady or intermittent, morning or after eating)
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Anorexia
- Faltulence
- Foul Breath
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Dx = Rome criteria, manning criteria
Tx = limit high gas foods and eliminate gluten
Name the Disorder
- fever
- night sweats
- lower abdominal, pelvic, or back pain
- pain referred to hip, medial thigh, groin, or knee
- R side is affected most often when associated w/ appendicitis
**- Antalgic gait (reflex spasm pulling leg into IR, hip flex contracture) - Pain w/ hip EXT
- Tender mass may be palpable on groin**
Psoas Abscess
Labs = increased WBC, increased C-reactive protein
Special tests = heel tap, hop test, iliopsoas muscle test, obturator muscle test
Name the Disorder
- Fever
- Pruitus (itching)
- Light stools
- Urticaria (hives)
- Dark urine
- Malaise
- Easy Fatigability
- Hepatomegaly
Hepatitis
Name the Disorder
- enlarged liver
- ascitis (fluid in abdomen) - liver failure
- dull pain RUQ - sclera
- esophageal varices
- weakness
- portal HTN
- hepatic encephalopathy
- anorexia
- splenomegaly
- hepatorenal syndrome
R shoulder pain is common (liver refers here)
Cirrhosis
Dx = liver biopsy
Tx = sodium restriction, paracentesis
Name the Disorder
- nervousness
- Weight loss
- Goiter
- Exophthalmia (bug eyes)
Graves Disease (Hyperthyroidism)
Name the Disorder
- butterfly rash
- endocarditis w/ valvular lesions
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
