Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DDX > Signs & Symptoms > Flashcards

Signs & Symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Disorder

  • **painful swelling of bilateral hands and feet
  • Edema
  • Feeling of dehydration
  • Jaundice
  • Muscle weakness
  • Dizziness**
  • Painful inflamed joints
  • Fatigue
  • Rapid heart rate
  • Abdominal pain
  • After intense exercise, dehydrated, or changing altitude experience symptoms
  • Pain that lasts for extended periods of time and repeated motions
A

Anemia (low hemoglobin)

Population = children under age 5, pregnant women, women > men, elderly
Tx = bone marrow stem cell transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the Disorder

  • Blood in urine/stool
  • Joint pain/swelling
  • unexplained/excessive bleeding
  • large/deep bruises
  • Frequent nosebleeds
  • prolonged time to clot (aPTT, PT)
A

Hemophilia (hereditary blood clotting disorder)

Prevalence = x-lined, males
Tx = stretching, strengthening, mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the Disorder

  • Fever (infection)
  • Bleeding or bruising
  • Fatigue or feeling weak
  • Feelings of dizziness
  • Dyspnea
  • Dramatic weight loss

Severe may lead to stroke, severe visual impairment, labored breathing

A

Leukocytosis (high WBC count)

Dx = blood smear
Tx = Antibiotics/antihistamines, diaphragmatic breathing, smoking cessation, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name the Disorder

  • Fever/inflammatin
    - infections that won’t go away
A

Leukopenia (low WBC count)

Dx = bone marrow biopsy
Med Tx = growth factor medications, lifestyle changes; PT Tx = strengthening, exercise/gait endurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name the Disorder

  • pain in hand/foot (d/t ischemia)
  • Strokes
  • Kidney dysfunction
  • sustained erectinos
  • Pneumonia
  • ulcer
  • prone to infection –> enlargement of spleen
  • Enlarged liver –> jaundice
  • Cardiovascular pain crisis = hands and feet swelling, pain
A

Sickle Cell Anemia (cresent shaped cells)

Labs = blood smear, creatinine test, BUN
Prevalance = African Americans
Tx = blood transfusion, Stem cell/bone marrow transplant, avoid high altitidues, energy conservation, vitals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name the Disorder

-** excessive clotting**
- redness, numbness, tingling
- headache, weakness, fatigue, dizziness
- Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen), easy brusing
- DVT (swelling of extremity, pain, tenderness, redness, cramping, feeling of calf muscle that is directly increased w/ DF)
- asymptomatic until # exceeds 1 million/mm

A

Thrombocytosis (increased platelets)

Med Tx = low dose aspirin
PT Tx = eat healthy foods, physical activity, weight loss/smoking cessation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name the Disorder

- Purpura (rash of purple spots)
- Petechiae (tiny purple, red, or brown spots)
- Bleeding from the gums
- Frequent and long lasting nose bleeds
- Blood blisters in mouth
- Excessive and prolonged mentrual bleeding
- Blood in urine/stool
- Pts w/ frequent bleeds may experience anemia
- intracranial hemorrhage
- Fatigue, anxiety, depression

A

Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelets)

Lab = blood smear
Med Tx = intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the Disorder

  • Persistent open sore
  • Red patch on face, chest, arms, shoulders
  • Scar like area
  • Reddish nodule
A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Most common type of CA in Caucasians, Hispanics, Chinese Asians & Japs

Dx = biopsy
ABCDE = asymmetry, borders, color, diameter, evolving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the Disorder

  • Elevated growth w/ central depression that may continue to grow
  • Open sore that does not heal and continues to bleed and crust
  • Wart-like growth
A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

most common skin CA among Africain Americans and Asian Indians

Dx = Biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Name the Disorder

  • Early signs similar to influenza
  • Fever
  • Fatige
  • Weight loss
  • SOB
  • Easy brusing
  • May experience swelling of gums
A

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)

occurs in both children and adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the Disorder

  • Enlarged spleen
  • Loss of appetite (d/t pressure from spleen on stomach)
  • mild fever
  • night sweats
  • Accelerated stage = bleeding, petechiae, ecchymosis
A

Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)

Mainly affects adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the Disorder

- palpable liver
- Enlarged Spleen
- Pale complexion
- Fever
- Brusing
- Fatigue
- Arm or leg pain
- Enlarged lymph nodes
- Fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)

Most common type of leukemia in chlidren. Also affects adults.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the Disorder

- (+) Reed-Sternberg cells
- Painless enlargement of proximal lymph nodes (neck, underarm, groin)
- Painless, firm, enlarged proximal lymph nodes > 1cm diameter, usually unilateral neck or groin
- unexplained fever & night sweats
- weight loss
- pruitis (itching over whole body)
- Anemia
- Jaundice
- Edema
- Nonproductive cough, dyspnea

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

Risk Factors = infected w/ epstein-barr virus or infectious mono

Dx = biospy
Epidemiology = less common, males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the Disorder

  • (-) Reed-Sternberg cells
  • Painless peripheral lymph node swelling that can spread t/o lymph system, then to brain, liver, or bone marrow
  • Enlarged peripheral lymph nodes
  • Fever, night sweats
  • Weight loss
  • Bleeding
  • Widespread itching/red skin
A

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Risk Factors = HIV virus

Dx = biopsy
Epidemiology = more common, 40 - 60 y.o., males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name the Disorder

  • bone pain (esp in spine or chest at night)
  • Nausea
  • Constipation
  • Loss of appetite
  • Mental fogginess or confusion
  • unusual fatigue
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Leg weakness or numbness
  • Excessive thirst
  • Excessive bruising
  • Unusual bleeding

Typically originates in vertebrae

A

Myeloma

Labs = M proteins in blood

Dx = bone marrow biopsy
Med Tx = Stem cell transplant
PT Tx = strengthening, endurnace, ROM, ADLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the Disorder

  • painful or non-painful lump that may be felt t/o the skin
  • pain in diffuse area
  • bone pain
  • broken bone w/o injury
  • abdominal pain
  • weight loss
A

Sarcoma (tumor affecting connective tissue, soft tissue, and various body locations)

Dx = biopsy

17
Q

Name the Disorder

- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia
- Weight loss (in type 1)
- hyperglycemia
- glycosuria
- ketonuria
**- Fatigue **& weakness
- Blurred vision
- Irritability
- Recurring skin, gums, bladder, vaginal, or other infections
- Numbness/tingling in hands and feet
- Cuts/bruses that are difficult and slow to heal

A

Diabetes

T1 = little/no insulin is produced, youth; T2 = > 40 yrs insulin resist

FBG > 126 = diabetes

18
Q

Name the Disorder

- may be awaken from sleep
- lumps under skin that cause crepitus
- redness
- swelling
- low grade fever/chills
- symptoms occur 10 days - 2 weeks if untreated
- Symptoms can spread affecting > 1 joint
- Symptoms are present mostly in peripheral joints (great toe, ankle, heel, knee, and wrist)

A

Gout

Risk = middle age, menopause, obesity, incr stress, purine rich foods

Cause = elevated uric acid triggers inflammation
Epid = caucasian, men
Med Tx = NSAIDs or corticosteroids, decrease consumption of red meats & soda

19
Q

Name the Disorder

  • elderly most often affected
  • present in larger joints (hips and knees)
  • X-ray can show deposits of crystals in joints (typically w/ fibrocartilage of menisci)
  • typically idopathic (may be secondary to another metabolic disorder)
A

Pseudogout

20
Q

Name the Disorder

  • arthropathy (joint disease)
  • Arthralgias (joint pain)
  • Myalgias (muscle pain)
  • Progressive weakness
  • Bil pitting edema (LE)
  • Vague abdominal pain
  • Hypogonadism (lask of menstrual periods, impotence)
  • CHF
    - Hyperpigmentation of the skin (gray/blue to yellow)
  • Loss of body hair
    -** Diabetes mellitus
  • Enlarged liver**
A

Hemochromatosis (increased iron)

Epidem = men, women ~ 60 y.o. (menopause)

Med Tx = take out iron and vitamin C from diet, Chelatin Therapy

21
Q

Name the Disorder

- Headache
- Fatigue
- Drowsiness, leathargy
- Nausea, vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Muscular twitching
- Convlusions
- Coma (severe)
- Rapid, deep breathing (hyperventilation)

A

Metabolic Acidosis

Causes = dieabetes ketoacidosis, renal failure, severe diarrhea

pH < 7.35, cardiac dysthythmias, bone disease w/ chronic acidosis

22
Q

Name the Disorder

  • nausea
  • Prolonged vomiting
  • Diarrhea
    -** Confusion
  • Irritabilty
  • Agitation**, restlessness
  • Muscle twitching and muscle cramping
  • Muscle weakness
  • Paresthesias
  • Convulsions
  • Eventual coma
  • Slow, shallow breathing
A

Metabolic Alkalosis

Cause = loss of H+ ions, excessive vomiting

pH > 7.45, cardiac dysrthmias

23
Q

Name the Disorder

  • Obesity (waistline > 40 in men, > 35 in women)
  • Triglycerides > 150mg/dL
  • HDL < 50mg/dL for women; < 40 mg/dL for men
  • Elevated BP
  • Insulin resistance
A

Metabolic syndrome

Med Tx = aerobic exericse 3-5x/wk; resistance exercise 2-3d/wk

24
Q

Name the Disorder

  • adult version of Rickets
  • Bone pain
  • skeletal deformities
  • Fractures, fatigue, falls
  • Decreased functional status/during rehab
  • Severe muscle weakness/bone pain
  • Myalgia
  • Decalcification of bones particularly in the spine, pelvis, and LE
  • Pseudofractures (bowing of bones)
A

Osteomalacia

Dx = bone mineral density (T-score < -2.5 = osteoporosis), blood panal, biopsy
Med Tx = vitamin D

25
Q

Name the Disorder

  • Back pain
  • Compression fracture
  • Bone fractures
  • Decrease in height (> 1 inch)
  • Kyphosis
  • Dowager’s hump (increased neck flexion w/ head down posturing)
    -** Decreased activity tolerance** (d/t collapse of rib cage, so lungs can’t expand)
  • Early satiety
A

Osteoporosis

Labs = T-score < - 2.5

Cuases = insufficient Ca2+, smoking, excessive caffeine/alcohol
Tx = weight bearing exercises, nutrition, lifestyle modificaiton

26
Q

Name the Disorder

-** Vertebral compression & collapse (protruding skull)
- Bone pain that is aching gets better w/ exercise, or painful at night
- muscle weaknss
- Increased size and abnormal contour of clavicles**
- Pain & stiffness
- bowing of long bones
- headaches & dizziness
- Fatigue

A

Paget’s Disease (aka Osteitis Deformans)

osteoclasts > osteoblasts; genetic disorder

Dx = DEXA
Tx = ROM, strength, flexibiltiy, energy conservation, fx prevention

27
Q

Name the Disorder

  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
    **- Loss of appetite
  • Postprandial fullness**
  • Bloating
  • Upper abdominal pain
A

Gastroparesis

Cause = damage to Vagus n., diabetes is linked

Dx = Gastric emptying study
Tx = smaller portions & eating more frequently, avoid laying down for 2 hours post eating, light exercise, Gastric e-stim & pacing

28
Q

Name the Disorder

- heartburn (30 - 60 minutes post meals/upon reclining)
- Dysphagia
- non-cardiac chest pain
- Regurgitation
- Sore throat
- Bitter/sour taste in back of throat
- Cough
- Dental erosions
- asthma
- Laryngitis

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Risk = age > 40, obesity, hiatal hernia, pregnancy, asthma

Dx = barium swallow
Tx = lifestyle modifications (elevate HOB, modifiy size & composition of meals)

29
Q

Name the Disorder

- RLQ pain
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Anorexia (d/t pain & discomfort)
- Fever (low grade adults; high grade children)
- Coated tongue
- Bad breath
- muscle guarding/rigidity

A

Appendicitis

Dx = McBurney’s point, pinch-an-inch test, CT scan/ultrasound

30
Q

Name the Disorder

**- Paiful abdominal cramps **(pain can be steady or intermittent, morning or after eating)
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Anorexia
- Faltulence
- Foul Breath

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Dx = Rome criteria, manning criteria
Tx = limit high gas foods and eliminate gluten

31
Q

Name the Disorder

  • fever
  • night sweats
  • lower abdominal, pelvic, or back pain
  • pain referred to hip, medial thigh, groin, or knee
  • R side is affected most often when associated w/ appendicitis
    **- Antalgic gait (reflex spasm pulling leg into IR, hip flex contracture)
  • Pain w/ hip EXT
  • Tender mass may be palpable on groin**
A

Psoas Abscess

Labs = increased WBC, increased C-reactive protein
Special tests = heel tap, hop test, iliopsoas muscle test, obturator muscle test

32
Q

Name the Disorder

- Fever
- Pruitus (itching)
- Light stools
- Urticaria (hives)
- Dark urine
- Malaise
- Easy Fatigability
- Hepatomegaly

A

Hepatitis

33
Q

Name the Disorder

  • enlarged liver
    - ascitis (fluid in abdomen)
  • liver failure
    - dull pain RUQ
  • sclera
  • esophageal varices
  • weakness
  • portal HTN
  • hepatic encephalopathy
  • anorexia
  • splenomegaly
  • hepatorenal syndrome

R shoulder pain is common (liver refers here)

A

Cirrhosis

Dx = liver biopsy
Tx = sodium restriction, paracentesis

34
Q

Name the Disorder

  • nervousness
  • Weight loss
  • Goiter
  • Exophthalmia (bug eyes)
A

Graves Disease (Hyperthyroidism)

35
Q

Name the Disorder

  • butterfly rash
  • endocarditis w/ valvular lesions
A

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

DDX (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions