Signs/Symptoms

Question 1

Cyanosis Dx

Answer 1

Question 2

Pin point pupils - 4Ps

Answer 2

Pain killer - Opioids

Pilocarpine

Pontine haemorrhage

Phosphate - organophosphate

Question 3

Sore throat

Answer 3

Critical Causes
1. Epiglottitis
2. Bacterial tracheitis
3. Ludwig’s angina
4. FB
5. Angioedema
6. Peri-tonsillar abscess
7. RPA
8. Gonorrhoea
9. HIV / Diptheria / EBV / HSV / Cancer

Question 4

Dyspnoea

Answer 4

CRITICAL CAUSES:
Pulmonary
1. Airway obstruction
a. Heimlich maneuver & direct laryngoscopy with McGill forceps
2. Pulmonary embolism
3. Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
4. Anaphylaxis
5. Respiratory failure
6. Tension pneumothorax +/- flail chest
a. Severe respiratory distress, hypoxia, hypotension
b. Decreased breath sounds, oxygen desaturation

Cardiac
1. Pulmonary edema (due to CHF)
2. Myocardial infarction
3. Cardiac tamponade

Other
1. Toxic ingestions (e.g. organophosphate ingestion)
2. DKA
3. Epiglottitis
4. CO poisoning
5. Acute chest syndrome (e.g. Sickle cell)
6. CVA / intracranial catastrophe

Question 5

Comatose Pt

Answer 5

Hypoglycaemia + Hypoxia + opiate overdose THEN consider:

Alcohol (incl. toxic alcohols)
Electrolytes (incl. endocrinopathies)
Insulin (i.e. glucose)
Overdose (or withdrawal from drug)
Uremia
Trauma (eg, intracranial bleeds, incl. spontaneous)
Infection (eg, sepsis, meningitis)
Psychiatric
Seizure (incl. non‐convulsive status epilepticus)

Question 6

SOB

Answer 6