signs of infection

Question 1

Upper lobe changes - ?
Cavitation - ?
Cavitation and immunosuppressed -?
Bilateral and perihilar - ?
Nodular - ?

Answer 1

Upper lobe changes - think TB
Cavitation - think TB, Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative infections
Cavitation and immunosuppressed - think aspergillus
Bilateral and perihilar - think PJP
Nodular - think TBv

Question 2

Causes of the following on chest xr

Fluid 
Pus
Blood 
Cells 
Protein

Answer 2

• cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, protein

Pus - pneumonia
Blood - vasculitis, infarction
Cells - malignant (lymphoma, alveolar cell carcinoma) and inflammatory (sarcoid, extrinsic allergic alveolitis (EAA), eosinophilia, radiation, bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP))
Protein - alveolar proteinosis

Question 3

‘Random distribution’ of nodules seen on the HRCT is typical of

Answer 3

haematogenous spread of TB.

Question 4

Patterns seen on pulmonary infection?

Answer 4

Confluent
- consolidation
- ground glass
Nodules
Lines

Question 5

What does ground glass mean?

Answer 5

indicates diffuse opacification of lung without obscuration of the vascular structures

Question 6

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is typically associated with what kind of pattern

Answer 6

ground-glass opacification.