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Pulmonary Radiology > Signs and Syndromes > Flashcards

Signs and Syndromes Flashcards

1
Q

Aortic nipple

A

left superior intercostal vein

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2
Q

Air bronchogram sign

A

lung parenchymal consolidation

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3
Q

Gloved finger shadow

A

chronic bronchiectasis

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4
Q

Tail sign

A

indicator of Adeno CA

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5
Q

Pseudodiaphragmatic contour

A

subpulmonic effusion

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6
Q

Vanishing tumor

A

loculated effusion

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7
Q

Funnel or carrot shaped trachea

A

congenital tracheobronchial stenosis

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8
Q

Scimitar syndrome

A

hypogenetic lung with PAPVR

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9
Q

San Joaquin Valley Fever

A

coccidiomycosis

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10
Q

Noonan’s syndrome

A

lymphangiectasia in intestine + pulmonary abnormality

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11
Q

Lemierre’ssyndrome

A

pneumonia 2’ to Fusobacterium or Bacteroides

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12
Q

Snowstorm appearance of the lungs

A

military TB

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13
Q

Air crescent sign

A

pulmonary aspergillosis (also in mucormycosis and echinococcus)

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14
Q

CREST syndrome

A

complete cartilage rings

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15
Q

Moon sign

A

echinococcus

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16
Q

Caplan’ syndrome

A

lesions in patients with RA + coalworker’s pneumoconiosis

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17
Q

Sicca syndrome

A

1’ Sjogrens syndrome

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18
Q

Bornholm’s disease

A

pleurodynia 2’coxsackie virus

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19
Q

Churg Strauss syndrome

A

allergic granulomatosis

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20
Q

Atypica lmeasles syndrome

A

1’ pneumonia + LADP

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21
Q

Loffler’s syndrome

A

fleeting pneumonia (consolidation with eosinophilia)

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22
Q

Progressive systemic sclerosis

A

esophageal air + reticulonodular pneumonia

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23
Q

Goodpasteur’s syndrome

A

hemoptysis with hematuria + glomerulonephritis

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24
Q

Rockymountain spotted fever

A

Ricketsia ricketsii

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25
Q

Q fever

A

Coxiella burnetti

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26
Q

Bronchus sign

A

patent bronchus leading to a peripheral nodule (most often associated with Adeno CA)

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27
Q

Tropical eosinophilia

A

W. bancrofti

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28
Q

Pancoast syndrome

A

neoplasm with pain in arm + lung apical neoplasm (with bone destruction + Horner’s syndrome)

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29
Q

Bird fancier’s lung

A

extrinsic allergic alveolitis

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30
Q

SVC syndrome

A

facial edema, neck and UE, distended neck/arm veins, HA/dizziness

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31
Q

Carney’s triad

A

pulmonary chondromas, gastric epithelial leiomyosarcoma and extradural paraganglioma

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32
Q

Westermark’s sign

A

local oligemia

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33
Q

Knuckle sign

A

completely terminating vessel in thromboembolism

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34
Q

Hampton’s hump

A

pulmonary infarction

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35
Q

Melting ice cube sign

A

pulmonary infarct resolution

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36
Q

Homan’s sign

A

pain on foot dorsiflexion 2’ to DVT

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37
Q

Shaw’s disease

A

bauxite pneumoconiosis

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38
Q

Wacker’s triad

A

high LDH, n SGOT, high serum bilirubin (embolism vs MI vs pneumonia)

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39
Q

Target sign

A

central loose body in cavities in pulmonary septic embolism

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40
Q

Mendelson’s syndrome

A

aspiration of gastric liquid contents

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41
Q

Hughs-Stovin syndrome

A

aneurysms of small and large pulmonary artery and thrombosis of peripheral veins and duralsinuses

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42
Q

Café coronary syndrome

A

commonest cause of food aspiration and lodgement to the larynx

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43
Q

Emotional laryngeal wheezing syndrome

A

caused by expiratory glottic narrowing

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44
Q

Saber sheath trachea

A

coronal diameter greater sagittal diameter; associated with COPD

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45
Q

Reactive airway dysfunction syndrome (RADS)

A

severe bronchial injury with narrowing and hyperresponsiveness in workers exposed to certain gases/smoke

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46
Q

Stripe sign

A

in asthma; rim of normal perfusion in the cortex, alternating with contiguous zones of hypoperfusion ( excludes thromembolic disease as the cause of oligemia)

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47
Q

Thesaurosis

A

hairspray inhalation

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48
Q

Cotton candy lung

A

panacinar emphysema

49
Q

Poland’s syndrome

A

absent pectoral and breast muscles, paranasal sinusitis and bronchiectasis

50
Q

Young’s syndrome

A

infertility and sino pulmonary infection (obstructive azoospermia)

51
Q

Yellow nail syndrome

A

yellow nail+ lympohedema + pleural effusion

52
Q

Silo unloaders syndrome

A

organic dust fever

53
Q

Right pneumonectomy syndrome

A

R and L posterior displacement of the mediastinum, clockwise rotation of the heart and vessels and anterior displacement of the R HT

54
Q

Acute chest syndrome

A

fever, chest pain and leukocytosis in homozygous sickle cell anemia

55
Q

Ring around the artery sign

A

pneumomediastinum

56
Q

Borneville’s syndrome (tuberous sclerosis)

A

mental retardation, seizure adenoma sebaceum

57
Q

Lofgren’s syndrome

A

sarcoidosis + erythema nodosum

58
Q

Meigs Salmon syndrome

A

ovarian neoplasm with pleural effusion

59
Q

Dressler’s syndrome

A

postcardiotiomy or post MI syndrome (fever, chest pain, pericardial/pleural effusion)

60
Q

Hamman’s sign

A

pneumomedioastinum/pneumothorax (left)

61
Q

Castleman’s disease

A

giant LN hyperplasia

62
Q

Sail sign

A

normal thymus

63
Q

Juxtaphrenic peak sign

A

indirect sign of upper lobe collapse

64
Q

Ivemark’s syndrome

A

bilateral 3-lobed lung and asplenia with situs inversus

65
Q

Wave sign

A

normal thymus indented by ribs

66
Q

Spinnaker sign

A

pneumomediastinum

67
Q

Four artery sign

A

double aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery (vascular ring)

68
Q

Shaggy heart

A

pertussis (not specific)

69
Q

Tree-in-bud-sign

A

post 1’ TB

70
Q

CT halo sign

A

early invasive aspergillosis

71
Q

Crescent sign/ Monod’s sign

A

fungus wall

72
Q

Water lily/Camalote/iceberg sign

A

echinococcus (hydatid disease)

73
Q

Williams Campbell syndrome

A

disorder of cartilage deficiency

74
Q

Napkin ring

A

complete cartilage rings

75
Q

Vanishing lung syndrome

A

giant bullous emphysema

76
Q

Caplan’s syndrome

A

pneumoconiosis + RA

77
Q

Labrador lung

A

pneumoconiosis 2’ to iron ore containing silica and asbestosis

78
Q

Cotton mill fever

A

byssinosis

79
Q

Farmer’s lung or thresher’s lung

A

2’ to moldy hay/grain in closed area

80
Q

Bird’s breeder lung or bird’s handler’s lung

A

hypersensitivity to antigens in feathers, serum and feces

81
Q

Westermark’s sign

A

hyperlucent area 2’ to oligemia

82
Q

Feeding vessel sign

A

pulmonary vessel leading to a nodule 2’ to pulmonary emboli (on CT)

83
Q

Acute chest syndrome

A

patients with sickle cell disease with fever, cough, hypoxia, chest pain and infiltrates on CXR/CT without infection on blood/sputum

84
Q

Fat embolism syndrome

A

fat entry into venous system/ traumatic release of fat from sites of injury directly to the venous system

85
Q

CT angiogram sign

A

enhancing branching vessel in area of low attenuation consolidation most often seen in mucin producing BAC

86
Q

Air bronchogram/open bronchus sign

A

seen in the pneumonic and focal form of CA

87
Q

Golden’s sign

A

bronchogenic CA (atelectasis)

88
Q

Pancoast syndrome

A

apical density w/ w/o rib lysis + Horner’s syndrome and pain /atrophy of the ipsilateral arm

89
Q

Tail sign

A

linear opacity towards the pleura from the nodule (benign and malignant)

90
Q

Beaded septum sign

A

lymphangitic mets in bronchogenic CA

91
Q

Upper triangle sign

A

R lower lobe atelectasis

92
Q

Flat waist sign

A

L lower lobe atelectasis

93
Q

Top of the knob sign

A

L lower lobe atelectasis

94
Q

Middle lobe syndrome

A

chronic isolated atelectasis of the middle lobe

95
Q

Comet tail or vacuum cleaner sign

A

round atelectasis

96
Q

Loffler’s syndrome

A

fleeting pneumonia

97
Q

Hamman-Rich syndrome

A

malaise, fever, cough, chest pain, DOB with eosinophilia (PIE)
`

98
Q

CREST syndrome

A

SQ calcinosis, Raynauds phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia, scleroderma

99
Q

Sjogren’s syndrome

A

chronic inflammatory process characterized by atrophy of the salivary glands/lacrimal glands (2’ form is associated with RA)

100
Q

Behcet’s syndrome

A

vasculitis of large and small vessels with aphthous ulcers, erythema nodosum and eye lesions

101
Q

Wegener’s granulomatosis

A

midline lethal granuloma + necrotizing granulomatosis vasculitis

102
Q

Limited Wegener’s syndrome

A

sparing of the kidney with disease confined to the respiratory system

103
Q

Churg Strauss syndrome

A

pulmonary vasculitis/ neuropathy extravascular granulomas, tissues and blood eosinophilia +/- asthma

104
Q

Fallen lung sign

A

bronchial tear (lateral and posterior displacement of lung on supine)

105
Q

Collar sign

A

diaphragm rupture

106
Q

Continuous diaphragm sign

A

pneumomediastinum

107
Q

Pinchoff syndrome

A

compression of the central venous lines between clavicle and 1st rib

108
Q

Twiddler’s syndrome

A

torsion, dislodgement and fracture of pacemaker wire 2’ to patient manipulation

109
Q

Right pneumonectomy syndrome

A

R ward mediastinal shift and inversion of the HD 2’ to air trapping from a narrowed L bronchus

110
Q

Castleman’s disease

A

giant LN hyperplasis

111
Q

Dumbbell tumor

A

schwannoma, neurofibroma

112
Q

Killian’s triangle

A

posterior aspect of the pharyngoesophageal C5-C6 (origin of the Zenker’s diverticulum)

113
Q

Diaphragm sign, interface sign, displaced crus sign, bare area sign *

A

pleural effusion ( *more reliable)

114
Q

Split pleura sign

A

exudative pleural effusion

115
Q

Deep sulcus sign

A

pneumothorax

116
Q

Incomplete border sign

A

pleural based mass

117
Q

Target sign

A

neurofibroma

118
Q

Jeune’s syndrome

A

asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia

119
Q

Absent diaphragm sign

A

ruptured diaphragm

Pulmonary Radiology (2 decks)

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