Signs and Symptoms of Kidney Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the presenting complaint of CKD

A

Abnormal blood result/urine dipstick

Fatigue

Loss of appetite = loss of weight

Acute illness/recent infection

Ankle swelling

Haematuria

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2
Q

Outline the presenting complaint of AKI

A

Preceding illness

Intercurrent illness

History of volume depletion

Fatigue

Ankle swelling/SoB

Nausea/vomiting

Pain (supra-pubic/loin/joints)

Change in urine – amount/colour

Dysuria

Fever

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3
Q

What are the risk factors of kidney disease?

A

DM

Hypertension

IHD

Cerebrovascular disease

Known CKD

In younger pts = enuresis, probs in preg

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4
Q

What factors are of concern in a family history regarding kidney disease?

A

Previous kidney disease

DM

Hypertension

Cerebrovascular disease

Auto-immune disease

UTIs

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5
Q

What is seen on a general examination of someone with kidney disease?

A

Pale = anaemia

Red eyes

Bruises = don’t clot so well

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6
Q

What factors are examined on a urine dip?

A

Protein = depends on time of day, early morning best,

Blood = consider menstruation, extreme exercise

Glucose = never present unless preg

Ketones = starving

White cells = think of catheters

Nitrites

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7
Q

Outline the causes of proteinuria

A

Majority of causes are non-glomerular

Non = UTI, inflam, kidney tubules damage (CKD, AKI)

Glomerular = glomerularnephritits, amyloidosis, fever, exercise

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8
Q

Outline the causes of haematuria

A

Renal infarction

Renal calculi

Trauma

Renal cysts

Carcinoma

Stone

Cystitis

BPH

Warfarin pt that has been over coagulated

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9
Q

Outline the causes of WBCs present on a urine dipstick

A

Infection

GN

Interstitial nephritis/cystitis

Neoplasms

Stones

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