Signs and Symptoms of Kidney Disease Flashcards
Outline the presenting complaint of CKD
Abnormal blood result/urine dipstick
Fatigue
Loss of appetite = loss of weight
Acute illness/recent infection
Ankle swelling
Haematuria
Outline the presenting complaint of AKI
Preceding illness
Intercurrent illness
History of volume depletion
Fatigue
Ankle swelling/SoB
Nausea/vomiting
Pain (supra-pubic/loin/joints)
Change in urine – amount/colour
Dysuria
Fever
What are the risk factors of kidney disease?
DM
Hypertension
IHD
Cerebrovascular disease
Known CKD
In younger pts = enuresis, probs in preg
What factors are of concern in a family history regarding kidney disease?
Previous kidney disease
DM
Hypertension
Cerebrovascular disease
Auto-immune disease
UTIs
What is seen on a general examination of someone with kidney disease?
Pale = anaemia
Red eyes
Bruises = don’t clot so well
What factors are examined on a urine dip?
Protein = depends on time of day, early morning best,
Blood = consider menstruation, extreme exercise
Glucose = never present unless preg
Ketones = starving
White cells = think of catheters
Nitrites
Outline the causes of proteinuria
Majority of causes are non-glomerular
Non = UTI, inflam, kidney tubules damage (CKD, AKI)
Glomerular = glomerularnephritits, amyloidosis, fever, exercise
Outline the causes of haematuria
Renal infarction
Renal calculi
Trauma
Renal cysts
Carcinoma
Stone
Cystitis
BPH
Warfarin pt that has been over coagulated
Outline the causes of WBCs present on a urine dipstick
Infection
GN
Interstitial nephritis/cystitis
Neoplasms
Stones