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2.3.3. Urinary System > RCC and TCC > Flashcards

RCC and TCC Flashcards

1
Q

What does TCC stand for?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

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2
Q

What does RCC stand for?

A

Renal cell carcinoma

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3
Q

Where do transitional cell ep line?

A

Calyces

Ureter

Bladder

Urethra

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4
Q

Where does RCC occur?

A

Kidney parenchyma

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5
Q

How does RCC present?

A

Haematuria

Large variocele – more common in the L as gonadal vein comes off renal vein

Pulmonary/tumour embolus – from kidney, to IVC, to lungs

Loss of weight

Hypercalcaemia

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6
Q

How does TCC present?

A

Haematuria

Loss of weight

DVT

Lymphoedema – blocked by clump of cancer cells

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7
Q

How can haematuria be classified?

A

Visible

Non-visible = symptomatic or asymptomatic

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8
Q

Outline the urological causes of haematuria

A

Cancer = RCC, bladder cancer, upper urinary tract TCC, prostate carcinoma

Stones

Infection

Inflam

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (large)

Glomerular defects

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9
Q

How are pts with haematuria investigated?

A

History = smoking, occupation, pain, FM, other lower urinary tract symptoms

BP

Abdo mass

Varicocele

Leg swelling

Assess prostate – size, texture

Investigations = endoscopy, ultrasound, CT, urine culture/sensitivity/cytology, bloods

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10
Q

How does RCC spread?

A

Perinephric spread

Lymph node mets
IVC to R atrium

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11
Q

How is localised RCC treated?

A

Surveillance

Excision = full or partial

Ablation = cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation

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12
Q

How is metastatic RCC treated?

A

Angiogenesis targeted therapies

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors

(Chemo and radio resistant)

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13
Q

What are the risk factors for bladder TCC?

A

Smoking

Rubber or plastics manufacture

Handling of carbon, crude oil, combustion

Painters, mechanics, printers, hairdressers

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14
Q

How is bladder TCC treated?

A

Resection or cystectomy (removal of bladder)

Sample to stage

Chemotherapy directly to area

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15
Q

Briefly outline how bladder TCC effects the area

A

75% superficial

5% carcinoma in-situ

20% muscle invasive

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16
Q

What causes upper urinary tract TCC?

A

Smoking

Phenacetin abuse

Balkans nephropathy

17
Q

How is upper urinary tract TCC investigated?

A

Ultrasound

CT urogram = will show filling defect, ureteric stricture

Retrogram pyelogram = dye/contrast

Ureteroscopy = biopsy, cytology

18
Q

How is upper urinary tract TCC treated?

A

Nephro-ureterectomy = taking away kidney, ureter, cuff of bladder

19
Q

How is metastatic TCC treated?

A

Systemic chemo

Immunotherapy = monoclonal Ab targeting the programmed cell death receptor 1

2.3.3. Urinary System (23 decks)

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