Signs and Symptoms Flashcards
1
Q
What are the symptoms of COPD?
A
- Smoker or ex-smoker aged >35
- SOBOE
- Chronic cough
- Regular sputum production
- Winter exacerbations
- Wheeze
2
Q
What are the physical signs of COPD?
A
- Tar-staining of fingers
- Central cyanosis (hypoxic or polycythaemic)
- Tachypnoea
- Chest hyperexpansion ‘barrel-shaped’
- Reduced lateral and increased vertical chest expansion
- Paradoxical lower chest motion
- Reduced breath sounds
- Wheeze
- Palpable liver edge
3
Q
What are the complications of COPD?
A
- Exacerbations
- Pneumonia
- Pneumothorax
- Right ventricular failure
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Cachexia
4
Q
What are the symptoms of an exacerbation?
A
- Preceding coryzal symptoms
- Increased breathlessness
- Increased cough
- Increased sputum
- Sputum purulence
- Ankle oedema
5
Q
What is type 1 respiratory failure?
A
Hypoxaemia failure, <8kPa O2
6
Q
What is type 2 respiratory failure?
A
Ventilatory failure, PaCO2 >7
7
Q
What are the clinical features of hypercapnia?
A
- Dilated pupils
- Bounding pulse
- Hand flap
- Myoclonus
- Confusion
- Drowsiness
- Coma
8
Q
What are the symptoms of cor pulmonale?
A
- Dyspnoea
- Fatigue
- Syncope
9
Q
What are the signs of cor pulmonale?
A
- Cyanosis
- Tachycardia
- Raised JVP with prominent a and v waves
- RV heave
- Loud P2, pan-systolic murmur (tricuspid regurgitation)
- Early diastolic Grahan steel murmur
- Hepatomegaly and oedema
