Investigations Flashcards
1
Q
What are the spirometry results for obstructive and restrictive disease?
A
- Obstructive: very low FEV1, normal/low FVC, FEV1/FVC <70%
- Restrictive: low FEV1, low FVC, >75%
2
Q
What is the results of TLCO tests?
A
- Obstructive: normal/high TLCO, low KCO
- Restrictive: TLCO low, KCO low
- In MND, kyphosis, high BMI TLCO is normal but KCO is normal as this is extrinsic cause
3
Q
What would a CXR show in COPD?
A
- Often normal - used to exclude differential diagnoses
- Hyperexpansion
- Low, flat diaphragms
- Horizontal ribs
- Large central pulmonary arteries
- Decreased peripheral vascular markings
4
Q
What would a CT scan show in COPD?
A
- Holes or bullae in apices and peripheral lung
- Shows alveolar destruction or emphysema
- Bronchial wall thickening
5
Q
What investigations would you do for an exacerbation?
A
- CXR
- ABG - respiratory failure
- ECG
- FBC
- U+E
- CRP
- Sputum culture
6
Q
What would an ECG show for cor pulmonale?
A
Right atrial and ventricular hypertrophy
- Right axis deviation
7
Q
What investigations would you do for cor pulmonale?
A
- FBC: Hb and increased haematocrit
- ABG: hypoxia with or without hypercapnia
- CXR: enlarged RA and RV, prominent pulmonary arteries
- ECG
