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Respiratory Conditions > Signs And Symptoms > Flashcards

Signs And Symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

What is orthopnea?

A

Shortness of breath when lying flat.

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2
Q

What does cyanosis indicate?

A

Hypoxia

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3
Q

What is central cyanosis?

A

Bluing of the tongue or lips

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4
Q

What is peripheral cyanosis?

A

Cyanosis found on the peripheries, hands feet nose.

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5
Q

What does cyanosis indicate?

A

Cardiovascular collapse

Peripheral vascular disease

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6
Q

What is a co2 flap caused by?

A

Hypercapnic encephalopathy

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7
Q

What is a co2 flap?

A

Irregular flapping of the hand when the wrist is hyperextended.

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8
Q

What is co2 flap seen in?

A

COPD

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9
Q

What is erythema nodosum?

A

Inflammatory condition of fat cells under the skin.

Tender red nodules or lumps seen on both shins.

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10
Q

In what conditions is erythema nodosum seen?

A

Ssarcoidosis

TB

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11
Q

What is lupus perneo?

A

Chronic raised indurated leasion of the skin- often purplish.
Seen on the nose, ears, cheeks, lips and forehead.

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12
Q

In what disease is lupus perneo seen?

A

Sarcoidosis

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13
Q

What is finger clubbing?

A

Increases curvature and loss of nail bed angle.

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14
Q

What are the causes of finger clubbing?

A 
Bronchial carcinoma
Fibrosing alveolitus 
Lung suppuration 
Cyanotic congenital heart disease 
Infective endocarditis
Malabsorption states 
Congenital and ideopathic causes too.
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15
Q

What is uveitis?

A

Group of inflammatory diseases that produce swelling and destroys eye tissue.

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16
Q

What are the signs of uveitis?

A

Dilated retinal veins/ papillidoedema

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17
Q

In what diseases is uveitis seen?

A

Sarcoidosis

TB

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18
Q

What is horners syndrome?

A

Small pupil
Ptosis (dropping/ falling of upper eyelid)
Endophthalmos (inflammation of the interior of the eye)
Unilateral loss of sweating

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19
Q

What causes horners syndrome?

A

Interruption of the cervical chain

  • Pancoasts tumour
  • cervical lymphadenopathy
20
Q

What the lymph nodes in the neck?

A 
Supra clavicular 
Cervical chain
Sub mental and sub mandibular 
Parotid
Post auricular 
Occipital
21
Q

What is cor pulmonale?

A

Right sided heart disease

22
Q

What are the signs of cor pulmonale?

A 
Cyanosis
Raises JVP
Pitting oedema
Parasternal heave 
Loud P2
23
Q

Upon chest inspection, which deformities are being looked for?

A

Kyphoscoliosis
Pectus excavatum
Hyperinflation (emphysema)
Thoracoplasty

24
Q

Upon inspection of the chest, what is looked for?

A 
Any deformities
Scars
Expansion
Respiratory movement 
Superior vena cava obstruction
25
Q

Upon palpitation, what would tracheal deviation show?

A

Towards lung collapse
Towards consolidation
Away from effusion

26
Q

Upon auscultation what do crepatations show?

A

Surgical emphysema
Chest wall trauma
Iatrogenic (chest drains)
Ruptured oesophagus

27
Q

What would reduced chest expansion indicates?

A

Unilateral pneumothorax
Effusion, blocked central bronchus, diaphragm palsy
Bilateral- restrictive lung disease, hyperinflation (emphysema)

28
Q

Hyper resonant percussion indicates what?

A

Emphysema or pneumothorax

29
Q

Impaired reasonance upon percussion indicates what?

A

Consolidation
Pleural thickening
Raised hemi-diaphragm

30
Q

What does stony dull percussion indicate?

A

PE

31
Q

When is the bell used?

A

For low pitched sounds

32
Q

When is the diaphragm used?

A

For high pitched sounds.

33
Q

What does vesicular chest sounds mean?

A

Normal

34
Q

What is aegophony?

A

Increases resonance of vocal sounds when ascaltating the lungs.
Get patient to say 99

35
Q

What is a wheeze?

A

A musical sound as air passes through narrowed airways.

36
Q

What does a localised wheeze indicate?

A

Large airway tumour

37
Q

What does a generalised wheeze indicate?

A

Small airway obstruction (asthma bronchitis)

38
Q

What do squeaks and crackles indicate?

A

Bronchiolitus

39
Q

What are crackles (crepatations)?

A

Non musicals- usually on inspiration. Due to explosive reopening of small airways blocked by exudate inflammation or fibrosis.

40
Q

What do fine crackles indicate?

A

Pulmonary fibrosis

41
Q

What do moderate crackles show?

A

PE
Consilidation
Bronchiectasis

42
Q

What is a pleural rub?

A

Leathery creaking sounds made by inflamed pleural surfaces rubbing together.

43
Q

What does plural rub indicate?

A

Pneumonia
PE
Viral or auto immune pleurisy

44
Q

What does a pleural click indicate?

A

Pneumothorax

45
Q

What reduced vocal resonance?

A 
Effusion
Collapse
Bronchial occlusion 
Pneumothorax 
Emphysema
46
Q

What increases vocal resonance?

A

Consolidation (transmitted) - pneumonia

47
Q

What is whispering pectoriloquy?

A

Transmitted

Consolidation without bronchial obstruction

Respiratory Conditions (2 decks)

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