Signs and Symptoms Flashcards
CVA (Cerebrovascular Attack)
Differential SAS (3)
Signs (2/4)
Symptoms (2/3)
Differential SAS
Face, Arms, Speech (2).
Watch out for Diabetes!
Because it’s cranial, there are many signs and symptoms.
Signs -Sight: blurry vision, disproportional irises, drifting eye. -Heavy eyelids. Symptoms -Severe, sudden headache. -Dizziness.
Diabetes Mellitus-Hypoglycaemia
Differential SAS (1)
Signs (3/5)
Symptoms (2/6)
Differential SAS
-Sugar Test.
Signs
- Decline/loss of consciousness.
- Tachycardia, pale skin, cold sweat.
- Seizures.
Symptoms
Abnormal behaviour:
-Angry/violent.
-Weak, fatigued, confusion, hungry.
Diabetes mellitus-Hyperglycaemia
Differential SAS (1)
Signs (4/5)
Symptoms (2/3)
Differential SAS -Sugar Test. Signs -Low bp. -Dry skin and mouth/throat. -Sweet-smelling breath. -Tachycardia, warm skin. Long-term: -Decline/loss of consciousness. Symptoms -Frequent use of bathroom. -Headache,dizziness.
Allergy and Anaphylaxis
Differential SAS (1+1) Signs (1. 2/5, 2. 3/4, 3. 2/5, 4. 3/4, 5. 2/3)
Differential SAS
-Skin Reaction + Life-threatening symptom (Bp, Tachycardia, Tachyppnea)
Signs
1) Skin reaction:
- Hot flushed skin, angioedema.
- Rash, itchiness, swollen.
2) Respiratory reaction:
- Tachypnea, wheezing.
- Phlegm and mucus.
- Swollen tongue.
- Coughing, sore throat.
3) Cardiovascular reaction:
- Elevated hr, chest pain.
- Dizziness, fatigue, syncope.
4) Gastrointestinal reaction:
- Nausea, vomiting.
- Diarrhoea.
- Swollen stomach.
5) Neurological reaction:
- Headache, dizziness.
- Blurred vision.
Seizures-Grand Mal
Differential SAS (3)
Signs (aura(2), during(1), postictal(4))
Symptoms (aura(1), postictal(3))
Differential SAS
- Aura: metallic taste.
- During: tonic-clonic.
- After: foaming mouth, bitten tongue, urine/feces.
Signs
- Aura: metallic taste, blurry vision.
- During: tonic-clonic.
- Postictal: elevated hr and breathing, foaming mouth, bitten tongue, urine/feces.
Symptoms
- Aura: headache.
- Postictal: fatigué, confusion, oblivious.
Seizures-Petit Mal (Absence), Partial Complex
Signs (1)
Symptoms (1)
Signs
-Decline in consciousness
Symptoms
-Change of mood and behaviour (psychomotor)
Seizures-Partial Simple
Differential SAS (1) Signs (2)
Differential SAS
-Muscle spasm
Signs
-Strange taste or smell, blurry vision.
Syncope
Differential SAS (1)
Signs (2/4)
Symptoms (3/4)
Post Syncope (2)
Differential SAS
-Dark vision
Signs
- Low bp.
- Elevated hr and breathing, pale, cold sweat.
Symptoms
- Dark vision, hearing problems.
- Headache.
- Nausea and vomiting.
Post Syncope
- Fatigue
- Confusion
Breathing Difficulty-General
Differential SAS (4)
Signs (6/9)
Symptoms (2/3)
Differential SAS
-Tripod position, peripheral cyanosis,
Irregular breathing sounds and phlegm colour, use of other muscles.
Signs
- Tripod position (except for overweight person and pregnant woman)
- Tachypnea, Tachycardia.
- Irregular breathing sounds, phlegm colour. (yellow, rust, red foam, bloody, black)
- Use of other muscles to assist breathing.
- Peripheral cyanosis.
- Cold sweat, pale.
Symptoms
- Restlessness, tremor. (O2 deficiency)
- Drowsiness. (CO2 deficiency)
Asthma
Differential SAS (1) Signs (2/3)
Differential SAS
-Wheezing (not always, could be pneumonia)
Signs
- Wheezing, coughing.
- Strained exhalation.
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder)
Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema
Differential SAS (3) Signs (5)
Chronic Bronchitis/Emphysema Differential SAS -Blue bloater/Pink Puffer. -Long-term exposure to smoke. -Oxygen tank in the house.
Signs
- Blue bloater/Pink puffer.
- Bloated/Thin.
- Wet cough (yellow/green)/Dry cough.
- Difficulty breathing (like asthma)/ Hyperventilation (compensation).
- Barrel chest.
Pneumonia
Differential SAS (3) Signs (3)
Differential SAS
All signs.
Signs
- Fever (hot, shivers, weakness).
- Chest pain that increases during breathing.
- Rust coloured phlegm.
Pulmonary Embolism
Differential SAS (2) Signs (4) Heart failure (2)
Differential SAS
- Sudden Tachypnea.
- Constant chest pain.
Signs
- Sudden tachypnea.
- Constant chest pain (unlike pneumonia that changes during breathing)
- Bloody cough.
- Syncope.
If right-heart failure occurs additional signs will be present:
- Low bp.
- Tachycardia.
Pulmonary Edema
Differential SAS
Signs (2)
Differential SAS
All signs.
Signs
- Bubbling cough.
- Bloody foam.
- Hypovoluemic shock.
Hyperventilation (H.V/HY)
Differential SAS (2)
Signs (3)
Symptoms (3/4)
Differential SAS
- Hand spasm.
- Tingling in extremities and around mouth.
Signs
- Hand spasm.
- Tingling in extremities and around mouth.
- Tachypnea.
Symptoms
- Tremors (lack of calcium)
- Dizziness, Syncope.
- Drowsiness.
Angina Pectoralis (A.P)
Differential SAS (1)
Signs (4/8)
Silent M.I
Differential SAS There are three ways to diagnose A.P: 1)Clinical signs. 2)E.C.G 3)Blood test. In the BLS all we have is Clinical signs (Chest pain + Hr/Bp) and anamnesis.
Signs
- Pressure pain in chest; radiating pain to neck, back and shoulders.
- Irregular Hr..
- Tachypnea, pale and cold sweat. (sympathetic reaction)
- Nausea and vomiting. (close to digestive system)
Silent M.I is harder to diagnose because there is no pain. If the patient is old or has diabetes, has had a heart attack in the past and is showing a sympathetic response, then it’s safe to assume that there is a clot.
Aortic Dissection
Differential SAS (1) Signs (1)
Differential SAS
Same as signs.
Signs
Throbbing sharp pain that is synchronised with pulse.
