Signs and symptoms Flashcards
Acne
Whiteheads
Blackheads
Inflammation of pustules, papules, cyst or abscess
Boil
Itch before lump forms
Painful red lump
Red and swollen skin around the lump
Pustule with yellow-white tip exudate
Fever and lymphadenitis
Impetigo
Lesions – peeling skin, crust and flaky scabs, honey colored crusts
Pruritus
Painless, fluid-filled blisters
Serious form – painful fluids filled or pus filled sores that turn into deep ulcers
Regional lymphadenopathy
Tinea capitis
Small, scaly patches
Severe inflammation
Alopecia
Tinea corporis
Dry and scaly or moist and crusty with reddish rings
Pustule
Pruritus
Tinea barbae
Pustular folliculitis
Tinea cruris
Red lesions
Pruritus
Tinea manuum
White and scaly patches to deep and fissured lesions
Pruritus
Tinea unguium
White patches in the nail bed
Thickening
Distortion
Darkening
Tinea pedis
Scales
Blisters
Crust
Patches
Pruritus
Pain
Conjunctivitis
Pink or red sclera
Swelling
Tearing up
Photophobia
Pruritus (allergic conjunctivitis)
Yellow-green discharge (bacterial conjunctivitis)
Burning sensation (chemical conjunctivitis)
Irritation
Feeling like a foreign body in the eye
Crusting of eyelids or lashes
Cold flu or other respiratory issues
Blurred vision
Enlarged lymph nodes
Itchy nose, sneezing, scratchy throat or asthma (allergic conjunctivitis
Otitis externa
- Acute otitis externa
- Pain
- redness and swelling canal
- discharge (foul smelling) with fever
- regional cellulitis
- crusting in the external ear
- itch
- partial hearing loss
- black/gray, paper like growth in the ear canal - Chronic otitis externa
- Intense pruritus
- Scaling, skin thickening narrowing the lumen
- Asteatosis
- Aural discharge
Otitis media
- flu like symptoms
- tinnitus
- Dizziness
- Irritability
- sleep disturbance
-purulent drainage - temporary hearing loss
Acute Meningococcemia
Initially pink maculopapular lesions that later evolve to non-blanching petechial rash (especially in the trunk and extremities)
Waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome
The most severe form of meningococcemia
High fever, shock, widespread, purpura, DIC, thrombocytopenia, adrenal insufficiency
Bilateral destruction of the adrenal glands
Streptococcus pharyngitis
Pharyngitis
Tonsilitis
Dysphagia
Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Fever
Malaise
Pneumonia
Fever
Malaise
Myalgia
Productive cough
Tachypnea
Dyspnea
Pleuritic chest pain
H5N1
fever
headache
myalgia
fatigue
pharyngitis
rinorrhea
H1N1
fever
headache
myalgia
malaise
anorexia
diarrhea
nausea and vomit
SARS
high fever
severe headache
myalgia
dyspnea
nonproductive cough
pharyngitis
rhinorrhea
COVID-19
- fever
- dry cough
- lethargy
- nasal congestion
- headache
- sore throat
- loss of smell and taste
Diphtheria
- breathing difficulties
- thick gray pseudo membrane in the throat and tonsils
- sore throat
- nasal discharge
Pertussis
- runny nose
- cough
- nasal congestion
- red and watery eyes
- fever
Infectious mononucleosis
- fever
- pharyngitis
- lymphadenopathy
AIDS
- Fever
- night sweats
- weight loss
- fatigue
- lymphadenopathy
Common colds
- Rhinorrhea
- Nasal congestion
- Sneezing
- Headache
- Fever
- Malaise
Viral encephalitis
Meningismus minus profound alteration in consciousness, seizures, and focal deficits
Headaches (frontal or retroorbital)
Photophobia
Pain in moving the eyes
Constitutional signs (malaise, myalgia, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and/or diarrhea)
Influenza
- Fever
chills
headache
malaise
myalgia
arthralgia
non productive cough
pharyngitis
nasal congestion
rhinorrhea
Measles
- cough
- coryza
- conjunctivitis
PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN: Koplik spots
followed by maculopapular rash (appears 14 days after exposure)
Varicella/chicken pox
- mild prodrome of fever and malaise 1 to 2 days before rash onset
- macular to papular to vesicular lesion before crusting
Dengue virus
- aches (muscles, bones, joints, retroorbital)
- nausea and vomiting
- rash
symptoms show within 2 weeks after being bitten by an infected mosquito and symptoms last 2-7 days.
recovery: within a week
Parotitis
- parotid gland
a. discoloration
b. swelling
c. pain - dysphagia
- Fever
- headache
- muscle ache
Dental caries
cavity
discoloration
halitosis
altered tase
tooth ache
sensitiity
Shigellosis
- diarrhea
- abdominal pain
- fever
- tenesmus
Gastroenteritis
- diarrhea
- abdominal pain or cramps
- vomiting
- anorexia
- fever
- flatulence
- bloody stool
Typhoid fever
- diarrhea
- abdominal pain
- bradycardia
- remittent fever
- delirium
- epistaxis
- rose spots (PHATOGNOMONIC)
Cholera
- Profuse diarrhea (rice water stool)
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Poor skin turgor
- hypotension
PUD
- diarrhea
- epigastric pain
- vomit
- abdominal pain
- melena
- hematemesis
- pain radiating to the back
Salmonella
- fever
- headache
- vomit
- blood in stool
- chills
- nausea
UTI
- urinary frequency
- urinary urgency
- pain
Leptospirosis (leptospiraemic phase)
- severe headache
- sudden fever
- conjunctivitis
- myalgia
- abdominal pain
Leptospirosis (immune phase)
- mild headache
- confusion
- mild fever
- jaundice
Herpes
- ulcerated papules
- dysuria
g. warts
- hard and benign
- cauliflower cluster of bumps
- dyspareunia
Adult syphilis
Primary syphilis
- Chancre
Secondary syphilis
- Condylomata lata
- flu like symptoms
- lymphadenopathy
Latent syphilis
- asymptomatic
Tertiary (late) syphilis
- gummas
- aortic aneurysm
- neurosyphilis
Congenital syphilis
Early congenital syphilis
- initially asymptomatic
- runny nose
- rash
- hepatosplenomegaly
- condylomata lata
Late congenital syphilis
- 8th nerve deafness
teeth and bone deformities:
- saddle nose
- saber shin
- hutchinson’s teeth
- moon molar
Oral candidiasis
- white cheese like tongue
- cracking
- loss of taste
Vaginal candidiasis
- white cheese like discharfe
- itchiness
- redness and swelling
Gonorrhea
MALE
- primary infection site: urethra
- purulent yellow green
- dysuria
- swollen testicles
FEMALE
- priimary infection site: cervix
- purulent yellow green
- dyusria
- abdominal pain
Chlamydia
MALE
- white watery discharge w foul smell
- dysuria
- swollen testicles
FEMALE
- white watery discharfe w foul smell
- dysuria
Japanese encephalitis
General: fever
Rising ICP
Hemianopia/Hemianopsia
Hemiparesis
Doll’s eye reflex
Decorticate posturing/ flexor posturing
Decerebrate posturing/ extensor posturing
Persistent vegetative state
Brain dead
Damage to the hypothalamus leading to rising temp and vomiting
Damage to RAS
Diencephalon: altered LOC, confusion
Dullness, lethargy and stupor
Midbrain: light coma
Medulla O and pons: deep coma
Brain stem damage: pupillary dilation, eye fixation, nystagmus
Rolling of eyeball
Projectile vomiting
Loss of GABA
Seizure
Rising levels of glutamic acid: status epilepticus
Viral encephalitits
- meningismus minus alteration of consciousness
- headache (frontal retroorbital)
- photo phobia
- pain when moving the eyes
- constitutional signs
a. myalgia
b. malaise
c. anorexia
d. nausea and vomiting
e. abdominal pain
Rabies
Inflammatory reaction releases inflammatory chemicals and pyrogenic hormones
Damage to CN9 – painful throat muscle spasm
Aerophobia
Hydrophobia
Botulism
4 D’s
- dysphagia
- dysarthria
- dysphonia
- diplopia
Tetanus
Spasm which consumes oxygen and the muscle enters the anaerobic glycolysis producing lactic acid resulting in pain
Seizures due to loss of GABA
Spasm of oral cavity muscles leading to lock jaw
Spasm of back muscles leading to opisthotonus
Spasm of respi muscles leading to respiratory arrest
Spasm of voice box – laryngospasm
Scabies
- pruritus
- burrows
- scratch marks
- burning sensation
Pediculosis capitis
- intense itching
- excoriation
- matte, lusterless, foul smelling hair
- occipital and cervical lymphadenopathy
Pediculosis corporis
- papules
severe cases: Fever, headache, malaise
Pediculosis pubis
- intense scratching
- Maculae caeruleae: thighs or upper body
Toxoplasmosis in adults
- swelling of the lymph nodes
- maculopapular lesions
- sore throat
Toxoplasmosis in babies
- still birth, miscarriage
develops in teenage years - hearing loss
- mental retardation
- serious eye infections
Toxoplasmosis in neonates
