Signs and Symptoms Flashcards
COPD
. Breathlessness/shortness of breath
. Shortness of breath on exertion
. Waking up at night breathless
. Persistent productive cough
. Frequent chest infections
. Wheezing
Asthma
. Wheezing
. Breathlessness
. Tight chest like a band around it
. Cough
Bronchiectasis
. Persistent productive cough
. Shortness of breath
Pneumonia
. Cough (dry or productive with yellow, green, brown, or blood stained sputum)
. Shortness of breath even on rest
. Rapid heartbeat
. High temp
. Generally unwell feeling
. Fevers
. Loss of appetite
. Chest pain
Interstitial Lung Disease
. Shortness of breath
. Dry cough non productive
. Tiredness and weakness
. Loss of appetite
. Weight loss
. Chest discomfort
. Laboured breathing
Sleep apnoea
. Day time sleepiness
. Loud snoring
. Episodes of stopping breathing when sleeping
. Abrupt awakings
. Dry mouth/ sore throat on awakening
. Headaches in morning
. Difficult concentrating
. Mood changes
Lobar Collapse/Atelectasis
. Breathlessness
. Difficulty breathing
. Wheezing
. Coughing
Angina
. Chest Pain/tightness/squeezing
. Dizziness
. Sweating
. Nausea/GI discomfort
. Shortness of Breath
. Pain/dull ache to chest, shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, back or stomach
Heart Failure
. Tachycardia
. Shortness of breath
. Breathless laying down
. Fatigue
. Elevated JVP
. Enlarged heart
. Thurs and fourth heart sounds
. Bi Basel crackles
. Pleural effusion
. Ankle oedema
. Ascites
. Tender liver
. Light headed
MI
. Severe chest pain/ heaviness/ tightness / squeezing across chest
. Radiating pain in other parts such as arms, jaw, neck, back, abdo
. Light headed or dizziness
. Sweating
. Shortness of breath
. Nausea
. Overwhelming anxiety or feeling of doom
. Coughing / wheezing
Peripheral Vascular Disease
. Painful/aching legs when walking
. Hair loss on legs and feet
. Numbness/weakness to legs
. Slow growing / brittle nails
. Ulcers to feet or legs
. Changes of skin colour (blue/purple)
. Shiny skin
. Erectile dysfunction
. Muscle wastage
Valve defects
. Chest pain/discomfort
. Palpitations
. Fatigue/weakness
. Dizziness
. Low or high BP
. Shortness of breath
. Abdominal pain
. Leg/ankle swelling
. Whooshing sound (murder) on auscultation
Raised JVP
. Increased venous pressure of the Right atrium
Left sided heart failure
Usually caused by coronary artery disease
Most common type of heart failure
Heart looses some ability to pump blood around the body
Right sided heart failure
Heart looses some ability to move oxygen depleted blood to the lungs to allow the lungs to pick up new oxygen
Most commonly caused by left sided heart failure
Can happen when left side of the heart is normal
What do you look for on hands/wrists/arms- cardiology
Jane way lesions, Oslar nodes & splinter haemorrhage = infective endocarditis
Raised Yellow deposits = hyperlipedemia
Clubbing = congenital heart disease, infective endocarditis
Cyanosis = poor peripheral perfusion & hypoxia
Tar staining = risk factor for cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease & hypertension
Tugor test for dehydration.
Temperature of the hands .. cool could be poor peripheral perfusion… sweaty/clammy could be acute coronary syndrome
Capillary refill time = if more than two poor peripheral perfusion.
Radial pulse
Radio-radial delay - checking both radial pulses for any delays = Subclavian artery stenosis, Aortic dissection, Aortic coarctation
Collapsing pulse - check no pain to shoulder, hold the radial & brachial pulse, then raise arm above head quickly, if you can feel tapping pulse through the muscle bulk of the arm normal. If not can indicate fevers, aortic regurgitation, anaemia, thyrotoxicosis.
Check brachial pulse= bounding could mean co2 retention, slow aortic stenosis, thready sepsis or hypovolemia
Blood pressure… should do a laying and standing - postural hypotension
What do you look for on neck - cardiology
Listen & Feel carotid pulse. Ask patient to hold breath for listening.
Look at jugular venous pressure. Should be no more than 3cm. Raised JVP = right sided heart failure, tricuspid regurgitation, constrictive pericarditis.
Apply pressure to the liver to see if it raises in normal people it should raise 1-2cm then drop after a couple of cardiac cycles. If it remained raised then it’s a positive hepatojugular response = right ventricular failure, left ventricular failure, restricted cardiomyopathy.
