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Respiratory system > Signs and symptom of respiratory disease > Flashcards

Signs and symptom of respiratory disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 cardinal symptoms of respiratory disease?

A
  • dyspnoea
  • cough
  • chest pain
  • wheeze and stridor
  • sputum
  • haemopytsis
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2
Q

What other relevant history should be asked about in respiratory history?

A
  • childhood illness
  • occupation
  • pets
  • travel
  • smoking
  • medications
  • allergic disorders
  • nasal symptoms
  • phychosocial history (anxiety ect)
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3
Q

What could cause immediate onset dyspnoea?

A

PE, pneumothorax- due to ruptured bullae for example

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4
Q

What should cause acute onset (mins- hrs) dyspnoea? (5)

A
  • Asthma
  • PE
  • pneumonia
  • LVF/ MI
  • Hyperventilation syndrome (physchological hyperventilation)
  • anxiety attack
  • anaemia (if exersizing)
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5
Q

What could cause gradual onset (days) dyspnoea? (3)

A
  • lobar collapse (non pneumothorax)
  • pleural effusion
  • anaemia
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6
Q

What could cause chronic dyspnoea?

A
  • COPD
  • Bronchiectasis
  • idiopathic plumonary fibrosis/ intersitial lung disease
  • obesity
  • anaemia
  • deconditioning (unfit)
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7
Q

What questions should be asked about dyspnoea in a history?

A
  • Timing and precipitation
  • quality
  • duration
  • effect of position
  • if relieved by inhaler
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8
Q

What is the pathophysiology behind a cough?

A
  • something irritates mechano and/ or chemoreceptors in the oesphagus, diaphragm, larynx, pharynx ect
  • pressure built up against closed vocal cords (valsalva menouvre)
  • vocal cords adduct quickly
  • forced expulsion or air
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9
Q

What could cause a acute cough (<3 weeks)?

A
  • upper and lower tract infections
  • exacerbations of COPD, asthma ect
  • PE
  • foreign bodies
  • reflux
  • some drugs (ACEi)
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10
Q

What could cause a chronic cough?

A 
asthma
COPD
bronchiectasis 
cystic fibrosis 
lung cancer 
intersitial lung disease
pleurisy
smoking
ACEi
heart failure 
some infections (TB)
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11
Q

What is a wheeze and what causes it?

A

A muscial sound heard on expiration.

Caused by: asthma, COPD, bronchitis, somtimes LVF and bronchiectasis

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12
Q

Why can a wheeze be heard in asthma?

A

airways narrowing-> on expiration, a positive intra pulmonary pressure is generated, which further narrows airways-> whistling created

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13
Q

What is stridor?

A

a coarse inspiratory wheeze, caused by upper airway obstruction

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14
Q

What may cause increased sputum production?

A
  • infection (sputum often yellow/ green)
  • smoking
  • COPD
  • bronchiectasis
  • acute asthma
  • lung cancer
  • LVF (pink and throthy)
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15
Q

What causes haemoptysis?

A

usually infections- pneumonia, tb, bronchiectasis, bronchitis
Also lung cancer, PE, anticoagulants and LVF

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16
Q

List 3 respiratory causes of clubbing?

A
  • lung cancer
  • mesothelioma
  • bronchiectasis
  • empyema
  • interstitial lung disease
17
Q

How does standing leaning over a table help pts suffering from COPD?

A

Theyve lost elastin, so struggle to expire. It fixes their shoulder girdle so their lattisimus dorsi can contract to help them expire.

18
Q

How does purse lipped breathing help pts suffering from COPD?

A

It increases intrapulmonary pressure on expiration to help hold the alveoli open so ensures they dont completely deflate/ collapse, this makes them easier to reinflate. The airways are venerable to collapse due to mucus blocking and loss of lung parenchyma which normally holds airways open

19
Q

How does COPD lead to a barrel chest?

A
  • Loss of elastin= loss of opposition to outward force of ribs
  • also, loss of elastin= loss of air expulsion= hyperinflation
20
Q

What cause a stoney dull sound to precussion?

A

pleural effusion

21
Q

What sound will consolidation, pneumothorax, COPD and lung collapse make to precussion?

A

Pneumothorax and COPD: hyperresonant

Consolidation and lung collapse: dull

22
Q

What could cause fine crackles to auscultation?

A
  • interstital lung disease/ idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
  • consolidation
  • LVF (consolidation)
23
Q

What could cause coarse crackles to auscultation?

A
  • COPD
  • bronchiectasis
    MUCUS
24
Q

What may cause a pleural friction rub?

A

pleurisy, pericarditis, pulmonary infraction due to PE

Respiratory system (9 decks)

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