Anatomy Flashcards
What are the three parts of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx
orophaynx
layngoparynx
Why can thoacic diseases (Aeortic anyerism, lung cancer ect) cause a hoarse voice?
The left recurrent largneal nerve (Branch of the vagus nerve) supplies the muscles of the vocal cords. It runs below the aortic arch and back up into the neck, and so can be impinged in the thorax and this will affect its ability to coordinate vocal cord movement for clear speach
How many ribs are there?
12 (11 and 12 are floating- don’t connect to sternum by hyaline cartilage)
What are the names of the bones of the sternum?
Superiorly- mandubrium
middle- body of sternum
inferior- xiphisternum/ xiphoid process
Describe the lay out of the 3 intercostal muscles
From out to in: Extenal, internal and inner most Innermost ICM (run vertically) are only found on lateral aspects Internal ICM (run anteromedial- posterolateral)are found globally External ICM (run posterolateral- anteromedial (hands in pockets) are not found on the anterior aspect
Describe the actions of the innermost and internal ICM
they pull the ribs down to assist forced expiration
Describe the actions of the external ICM?
pull ribs up in forced inspiration
Where are the intercostal nerve, artery and veins run in relation to the rib?
on the ribs lower margin
What are the similies for the movements of the chest wall? explain them
Ribs can push up and out like a bucket handle
Sternum moves forwards and up like a pump handle.
Which rib does the diaphragm dome up to?
rib 4 or 4
Which nerve innervates the diaphragm and what are the roots of this nerve?
C3,4,5
What 3 structures go through the diaphragm? What vertebral level do they penetrate it at
Vena Cava (T8) , Oesphagus (T10), Aeotic hiatus ( T12) - can remember by length of words= level
Describe the lobes of the lungs
The left lung has two lobes- superior lobe (makes up most of front) and inferior lobe (makes up most of back and lateral side)
The right lung has a superior lobe, middle lobe and inferior lobe
What nerves innervate the parietal pleura?
Intercostal and phrenic nerves
What is the blood supply to the lungs?
bronchial arteries
Where does the blood from the lungs drain into?
They drain into the pulmonary vein (and a bit of bronchial vein but not much)
Where do the intercostal arteries arise and describe the drainage
The superior ICA arise form he subclavian artery, lower ones from the aorta.
They drain into intercostal veins, then into the azygos vein which runs down the side of the spine, and then into the IVC
Describe the lymphatic drainage of the lungs
It drains to the hilar nodes, which drain to the tracheobronchial nodes
What nerve control bronchioconstriction
valgus nerve (CNXI) (parasympathetic fibres)
What controls bronchiodilation and vasoconstriction?
sympathetic nerves from the sympathetic trunk
Why do most forgein bodies enter the right not the left lung?
The right bronchi is more verticle.
What do the intercostal nerves innervate?
the skin, parietal pleura and the intercostal muscles
What innervates the visceral pleura?
the vagus nerve and paraympathetics
