SIGNS AND EPONYMS Flashcards
where is pseudo-Darer’s sign seen
smooth muscle hamartoma
Coudability sign is seen in
alopecia areata
It is seen in nail lichen planus, in which the nail splits and elevates longitudinally with downward angle of lateral nail edge
It is descriptive term for the morphologic feature of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis. The lesion starts as a small nontender papule, which enlarges in size and ulcerates in the centre. The border of the crusted ulcer often has an erythematous rim
Rubbing a lesion of mastocytoma causes urtication, flare, swelling and sometimes blister formation due to release of histamine. In contrast, pseudo-Darer’s sign is seen in smooth muscle hamartoma where there is increase in induration and piloerection after firm stroking
It is a characteristic histopathological finding seen in prurigo nodularis, where there is a presence of thick compact orthohyperkeratosis; the hairy palm sign (folliculosebaceous units seen with a thick and compact cornified layer, seems like that biopsy has been taken from palm, i.e., volar skin but contains pilosebaceous unit)
Jellinek’s sign (Rasin’s sign) is seen in
hyperthyroidism
*Pigmentation of the eyelids
It is described in relation to syphilitic chancre on the coronal border of the prepucial skin in an uncircumscribed male, whereupon on retracting the foreskin the entire ulcer flips out all at once because it is too hard to bend due to underlying button like induration.[
It is ridging and tightening of the skin of the neck on extending the head with a visible and palpable tight band over platysma in the hyperextended neck.
Palmar melanotic macules (palmar freckling) seen in type 1 neurofibromatosis
This is a sign to be elicited in case of secondary syphilis and cutaneous vasculitis, where there is deep dermal tenderness on pressing the lesion (e.g., papular lesions of syphilis) with a pinhead
conditions where one could find positive Darier’s sign
mastocytoma, leukemia cutis, juvenile xanthogranuloma, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Periumbilical ecchymosis in cases of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis and ruptured ectopic pregnancy.
It is a characteristic finding in dermatomyositis typified by scaly erythematous eruption seen on the dorsa of hands, metacarpophalangeal joints, and proximal interphalangeal joints
Pitaluga’s sign is seen in
Kala-azar
Rope sign is seen in
nterstitial granulomatous dermatitis (Ackerman’s syndrome) with arthritis
Confluent macular violaceous erythema on the posterior neck and shoulders in patients of dermatomyositis
This sign has been described in relation to trichotillomania, wherein there is vertically oriented split of hair shafts and proteinaceous material and erythrocytes are present in the split resembling a hamburger within a bun
Forscheimer’s sign is seen in
Rubella, infectious mononucleosis
dory flop sign is seen in
syphilitic chancre on the coronal border of the prepucial skin in an uncircumscribed male
Pigmentation of the eyelids seen in hyperthyroidism
Jellinek’s sign (Rasin’s sign)
Hertoghe’s sign (Queen Anne’s sign) is seen in
It is seen in leprosy, myxedema, follicular mucinosis, atopic dermatitis, trichotillomania, ectodermal dysplasia, discoid lupus erythematosus, alopecia areata, syphilis, ulerythema ophryogenes, systemic sclerosis, HIV infection, and hypothyroidism.
stafne’s sign is seen in
progressive systemic sclerosis
Inability to retract the lower eye-lid in patients of progressive systemic sclerosis due to underlying sclerosis
Ingram’s sign
Coral bead sign is seen in
multicentric reticulohistiocytosis
It is seen in exfoliative dermatitis in which there is complete absence of erythema and scaling of the nose and perinasal areas. [55,56] It is hypothesized that sparing of nose in exfoliative dermatitis could be due to greater sun-exposure of nose or it could be explained by the mechanism of island of normal skin.
describes the presence of small, discrete, vesicles either flaccid or tense that become secondarily infected and pus accumulates in the lower half of the pustule. It is a clinical sign seen in pyodermas and secondarily infected vesicobullous disorders (e. g., pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, and linear IgA dermatosis), where there is a transverse fluid level comprising of purulent material at the bottom when the patient is in a standing position
The most common cutaneous manifestation of neonatal lupus erythematosus is erythematous, slightly scaly eruption on the face and periorbital skin.
Periorbital hemorrhage due to laxity of blood vessels seen after proctoscopic examination (postproctoscopic periorbital Purpura) in patients having systemic amyloidosis.
The most common cutaneous manifestation of neonatal lupus erythematosus is erythematous, slightly scaly eruption on the face and periorbital skin (raccoon sign/owl-eye/eye mask).
Periorbital hemorrhage due to laxity of blood vessels seen after proctoscopic examination (postproctoscopic periorbital Purpura) in patients having systemic amyloidosis is also called as Raccoon eyes/sign/panda sign
t is classically described in eosinophilic fasciitis (Shulman’s syndrome) where there is linear groove or indentation along the superficial veins of the medial aspect of the upper extremity
Linear petechial eruption in the skin folds especially on the ante-cubital fossa and axillary fold seen in streptococcal scarlet fever
volcano sign is seen in
Old world cutaneous leichmaniasis
It is the ability of patients of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome to touch the tip of the nose with the tip of their tongue
enlargement of bulla by applying finger pressure to small, intact, and tense bulla in patients with pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid. [6] In the traditional bulla spread sign, pressure is applied to the blister from one side, whereas in eliciting Asboe-Hansen sign pressure is applied at the center of the blister and perpendicular to the surface due to smaller size of the lesion.
barnett’s sign or neck sign is seen in
Scleroderma
Mizutani’s sign (Round finger pad sign) is seen in
systemic sclerosis
The bites of bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) usually follow a linear pathway in a group of three to five blood meals
nevi in the same individual tend to resemble one another and that atypical mole often deviates from the individual’s nevus pattern. In other words, nevus that does not resemble other nevi is more likely to be suspicious of melanoma.
Ugly duckling sign
Follicular hairy hyperkeratosis (horny follicular spicules) commonly located on the face which shows compact follicle bound hyperkeratosis is a rare but typical clinical finding in multiple myeloma
Nazzaro’s sign
Papules seen around the nail fold in multicentric reticulohistiocytosis are called as coral bead sign.
The distal phalange of the first and fifth fingers of the hand overlaps when wrapped around the opposite wrist seen in patients having Marfan syndrome
Hang-glider sign is caused by
dark triangular biting apparatus of Sarcoptes scabiei
In patients with hyperextensible joints as seen in Ehler Danlos syndrome, they are able to fold their forearms at the back and oppose their palms to say “Namaskar,” demonstrating the hyper extensible joints.
This sign is to be elicited in patients having pityriasis versicolor, wherein the barely perceptible scales are made to stand out by scratching the lesion with fingernail
seen in progressive systemic sclerosis. Widening of the periodontal ligament space secondary to increase in the collagen synthesis and increase in the bulk of the ligament, this is accommodated at the expense of alveolar bone, thus causing an increase in the width of the periodontal ligament space.
reverse namaskar is seen in
Ehler Danlos Syndrome
butterfly sign is seen in
prurigo nodularis with neurodermatitis
Crowe sign / axillary freckling is seen in
type I neurofibromatosis
Axillary freckling seen in type I neurofibromatosis
Crusted callosity on the knuckles of dominant hand due to repeated self-induced vomiting in patients of bulimia
Exact localization of tenderness with the help of pin head in glomus tumor is called as Love’s sign
hamburger sign is seen in
trichotillomania
enlargement of lymph nodes in the posterior cervical chain
It is seen in early stages of African trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodensiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense known Sleeping sickness
Squeezing the skin adjacent to a dermatofibroma causes a dimpled appearance on its surface
also termed a positive “pinch sign” or “dimple sign,”
“pinch sign” or “dimple sign,” is seen in
dermatofibroma
It is seen in Raynaud’s phenomenon associated with systemic sclerosis. This sign refers to disappearance of the peaked contour on fingerpads and replacement with a hemisphere-like fingertip contour especially on ring fingers
Patrick Yesudian sign is seen in
type 1 neurofibromatosis
It refers enlargement of the sternal end of the (right) clavicle, frequently observed in patients with late congenital syphilis.
In type 1 neurofibromatosis (Von-Recklinghausen’s disease), neurofibromas can be invaginated with the tip of index finger back into the subcutis and again reappear after release of pressure.
Buttonhole sign
Buschke-Ollendorff sign is seen in
secondary syphilis and cutaneous vasculitis
It is a histopathological sign described in actinic keratosis, in which the basal layer is more basophilic than normal owing to crowding of atypical keratinocytes. Hyperkeratosis and parakerotosis are present, the latter overlying the abnormal cells in the epidermis. Owing to sparing of the epithelium of acrosyringia and acrotrichia, orthokeratosis appears at the ostea of these structures, giving rise to a characteristic pattern of alternating ortho- and parakeratosis,
flag sign
Dystrophic and ragged cuticle seen in dermatomyositis is called as Samitz sign
It was classically described in Papulo-erythroderma of Ofuji, wherein there is flat-topped red papules that become generalized erythrodermic plaques without the involvement of abdominal skin folds
characterized by sudden eruption of numerous seborrhoeic keratosis, usually associated with pruritus and is considered as a marker of internal malignancy
Pup tent sign is seen in
lichen planus
Erysipelas and cellulitis have traditionally been defined as acute inflammatory processes of infectious origin that primarily affect the dermis (in the case of erysipelas) or deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissue in cellulitis.
It is a sign used to distinguish between erysipelas and cellulitis of the facial region, where there is involvement of ear in erysipelas and sparing in cellulitis, as there is no deeper dermal tissue and subcutaneous fat.
Nose sign (Pavithran’s nose sign) can be seen in
exfoliative dermatitis
It is defined as loss of lateral one third of eye-brows (superciliary madarosis). It is seen in leprosy, myxedema, follicular mucinosis, atopic dermatitis, trichotillomania, ectodermal dysplasia, discoid lupus erythematosus, alopecia areata, syphilis, ulerythema ophryogenes, systemic sclerosis, HIV infection, and hypothyroidism.
Shuster sign is seen in
DLE
Kaposi-Stemmer sign is seen in
chronic lymphedema
Carpet tack sign (Tin tack sign, Cat tongue sign) is seen in
DLE, seborrheic dermatitis
It is a histopathological finding where there is appearance of a small vessel protruding into an abnormal vascular space. It has been described in Kaposi sarcoma, patch and plaque stage of angiosarcoma, and also in a single case of reactive benign vascular proliferation
Scarring of the concha due to lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus is called as Shuster’s sign and it can be present in 30% of the cases
presence of bilateral, symmetrical, and well-defined metaphyseal defects on the medial surface of upper tibia, can result in pseudoparalysis, and is considered pathognomonic of congenital syphilis
dermatoses where Auspitz sign can be positive
Psoriasis, Darier’s disease and actinic keratosis
pigmentation of the periungual tissues that could not be seen with the naked eye and can be visualized by dermoscopy
Micro-Hutchinson’s sign
* highly characteristic dermoscopic feature of early nail apparatus melanom a, although the sensitivity is not high.
branham/ nicoladoni sign is seen in
arterio-venous fistula
antenna sign is seen in what disorder
keratosis pilaris
Deck chair sign is seen in
Papulo-erythroderma of Ofuji
In young women and girls having from vitiligo the original white color of vitiligo macules turns to red-pink during menstruation and after the menstruation, it turns to the original colour
holster sign is seen in
dermatomyositis
It is a marker of cranial dysraphism, including encephalocele, meningocele, and heterotropic brain tissue. Ectopic neural tissue in the occipital and parietal areas takes the form of smooth dome-shaped hairless nodules and sometimes a collar of hypertrichosis surrounds them
It refers to the thick indurated inflammatory cord like structure that extends from the lateral trunk to the axillae and said to be a classical finding of interstitial granulomatous dermatitis (Ackerman’s syndrome) with arthritis
Osler sign is seen in
Alkaptonuria (Endogenous ochronosis)
Diagonal crease in the earlobes of adults has been associated with an increased risk for atherosclerotic heart disease.
Toy soldier sign in histopathology is seen in
mycosis fungoides
When the adherent scale is removed from the lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus, the undersurface of the scale shows horny plugs that have occupied patulous hair follicles. This sign is also seen in seborrheic dermatitis
Higoumenaki’s sign is seen in
late congenital syphilis
Scratch sign (coup d’ongle sign, Besnier’s sign, stroke of the nail) is seen in
pityriasis versicolor
In about eighty percent of cases of Chagas’ disease (American trypanosomiasis), conjunctiva is the portal of entry for Trypanosoma Cruzi. Unilateral swelling of eyelids and orbit after conjunctival inoculation
It is a popular and respected sign in dermatology, which refers to easy peeling of skin on applying tangential pressure over a bony prominence and classically seen in pemphigus, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.
Nikolskiy’s sign can also be elicited in the oral cavity with the help of cottontipped applicator.
It was first described by Shuster in cases of alopecia areata in 1984. Normal-looking hairs tapered at the proximal end in the perilesional hair-bearing scalp and can easily be made to kink when bent or pushed inward.
Melanonychia with pigmentation of proximal nail fold seen in subungual melanoma
Cullen sign or grey turner sign may be seen in
acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis and ruptured ectopic pregnancy
This is seen in Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy in which there is presence of a dimple over the knuckle of the typically affected fourth metacarpal and can be enhanced by clenching of the fist
Linear aggregation of neoplastic lymphocytes along the dermal–epidermal junction seen in histopathology of mycosis fungoides.
friar tuck sign is seen in
trichotillomania
Presence of papulo-vesicular lesions on the tip of nose indicates involvement of cornea as both are supplied by nasociliary nerve, a branch of trigeminal nerve.[4
It is described in Fordyce’s disease, characterized by presence of ectopically located sebaceous glands on the lips, oral mucosa and less commonly on gums. Prominent lip involvement can result in a lipstick like mark left on the rim of a glass mug after consuming a hot beverage
Buttonhole sign can be observed in
type 1 neurofibromatosis (Von-Recklinghausen’s disease), anetoderma and dermatofibroma
This refers to sparing of the mid scapular region in patients having prurigo nodularis with neurodermatitis as they are unable to reach the region for scratching
The test by which Auspitz sign is elicited is called
Grattage test.
Nikolsky sign can be seen in
pemphigus, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Wartenberg’s sign is seen in
Leprosy
This is described in relation to trichotillomania, where patient plucks his own hair either in a wave like pattern across the scalp or centrifugally from a single starting point. Hairs over the occipital area are mostly spared in trichotillomania
It is to be elicited in cases of arterio-venous fistula where there is slowing of the heart rate in response to (manual) compression
It is seen in keratosis pilaris in which individual follicles show a long strand of keratin glinting when examined in tangentially incident light.[5]
It is described in relation to diabetic cheiroarthropathy, wherein the patient is requested to bring both the palmar surface of the hands together as at prayer. This sign is said to be positive when patient is unable to bring both the palmar surface together completely and it indicates limited joint mobility. Limited joint mobility is secondary to nonenzymatic glycosylation of collagen and its deposition in the small joints of the hand.
Pastia’s line is seen in
scarlet fever
In ulnar nerve paralysis due to leprosy, the little finger assumes the position of constant abduction secondary to paralysis of adductor digiti minimi and is considered the earliest sign of ulnar nerve affection
Confluent macular violaceous erythema present on the lateral side of hip and thighs
Racoon sign is seen in
neonatal lupus erythematosus
systemic amyloidosis
This refers to the dark triangular biting apparatus of Sarcoptes scabiei seen at the end of the subcorneal tunnel
seen in smooth muscle hamartoma where there is increase in induration and piloerection after firm stroking
pseudo-Darer’s sign
Wimberger’s sign is seen in
Congenital syphilis
Acquired hypertrichosis of eyelashes due to Kala-azar is
The presence of sharply demarcated alternating bands of normally pigmented and hypopigmented zone of hair indicating episodes of normal nutrition and intermittent malnutrition respectively, seen in kwashiorkor- or marasmus-type malnutrition
hair collar sign is a marker for what
It is a marker of cranial dysraphism, including encephalocele, meningocele, and heterotropic brain tissue.
Confluent macular violaceous erythema on the anterior neck and chest in patients of dermatomyositis
Milian’s sign is seen in
Erysipelas
frank’s sign is associated with
increased risk for atherosclerotic heart disease
seen in Marfan syndrome. It is the unusual ability to touch the umbilicus with the right hand, crossing the back, and approaching from the left side, indicating increased length of upper extremity
Umbilical sign
Gorlin sign is seen in
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
described in relation to chlamydial infection, i.e., lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)
Another Groove sign has been described in relation to chlamydial infection, i.e., lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) called as Groove sign of Greenblatt and is considered pathognomonic for LGV. Enlargement of both inguinal and femoral group of lymph nodes separated by Poupart’s ligament produces a groove known as the “Groove sign of Greenblatt.
Inability to pinch or pick up a fold of skin at the base of the second toe because of its thickness is seen in chronic lymphedema.
It is seen in patients with pityriasis rosea. When the skin is stretched across the long axis of the herald patch, the scale is noted to be finer, lighter, and attached at one end, which tends to fold across the line of stretch.
In dermatophytosis, fungi are present in the horny layer between two zones of cornified cells, the upper being orthokeratotic and lower consisting partially parakeratotic cells.
there is pinpoint bleeding on removal of scales from the lesions of psoriasis.
Patient having delusions of parasitosis (acarophobia, entomophobia) collects skin debris with mistaken belief that such collected material contains alleged parasite in a matchbox, tissue paper, or small container.
Seen in 20% of rubella patients, where there is an enanthem of dull-red macules or petechiae confined to the soft palate during the prodromal period or on the first day of the rash.[26] Can also be seen in infectious mononucleosis.
In patients of Marfan syndrome, the thumbs protrude from the clenched fist beyond the ulnar border of hand. [29] (See also Umbilical sign and wrist sign).
Blue black pigmentation in the sclera near insertion of rectus muscle in patients who have Alkaptonuria (Endogenous ochronosis)
Yellowish hue produced from pressure on the lesion with a glass slide
Apple Jelly sign
*seen in granulomatous processes
lateral extension of a blister with downward pressure
Asboe-Hansen Sign
*noted in blistering disoders n which the pathology is above the BMZ
pinpoint bleeding at the tops of ruptured capillaries with forcible removal of outer scales from a psoriatic plaque
Auspitz Sign
transient induration of a lesion or piloerection after rubbing
Pseudo-darier Sign
*noted in congenital SM hamartoma
