Signs Flashcards
Stable Angina
GTN relief Tar staining Xanthalasma Corneal Arcus High BP Tachycardia Murmurs HF signs AAA
STEMI
No GTN relief
Distress/anxiety
Tachycardia
HF
NSTEMI
ECG shows no elevation
Unstable Angina
ECG shows ST depression or normal
4th heart sound
Carotid Bruits
Hypertension
Elevated BP
Retina vascular changes
Pulmonary hypertension
Left parasternal heave Loud P2 sound Soft pan systolic murmur Diastolic murmur Oedema
Pulmonary embolism
Tachypnoea Course crackles over area involved Pleural effusion Raised JVP RV heave Gallop rhythm
DVT
Asymmetric oedema
Mitral stenosis
Malar Flush Normal pulse Prominent A wave JVP Tapping apex beat and diastolic thrill RV heave Diastolic murmur
Mitral regurgitation
Normal or reduced pulse Prominent JVP if RHF Brisk, hyperdynamic apex beat RV heave Reduced S1 and split S2, heard over apex and radiates to axilla
Aortic stenosis
Small volume and slow rising pulse Prominent JVP is RHF Low BP Vigorous and sustained apex beat RV heave Normal S1 but quiet S2, heard over aortic valve and radiates to carotids
Aortic regurgitation
Large volume and collapsing pulse Wide pulse pressure Hyper-dynamic displaced apex beat Normal S1 and S2 Early decrescendo on left sternal edge with patient leaning forward
Rheumatic Heart disease
Polyarthritis Chorea Subcutaneous nodules Erythema marginatum Carditis Arthralgia
Infective endocarditis
Tachycardia Pyrexia New evolving murmur Immune complex disposition Embolic phenomena HF Clubbing Splinter haemorrhages Osler's nodes Janeway lesions Haematuria Petechial rash Splenomegally
Congestive Heart Failure
Progressive cardiac dysfunction Neurohormonal disturbance Pulmonary oedema Tachycardia Raised JVP Chest crepitations/efffusions 3rd heart sound Displaced/abnormal apex beat
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
Hypotension Tachycardia Profound anaemia Pulsatile expansible mass felt in abdomen Trash feet
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA)
Hypotension
Tachycardia
Pulsatile mass
Aortic dissection
Inferior ST elevation Reduced/absent peripheral pulses Acute hypertension Chronic hypertension AR murmur Pulmonary oedema
Coarctation of the aorta
Upper limb hypertension Weak/delayed pulses in legs Poor peripheral pulses in severe cases Mid-late systolic murmur heard over upper precordium Vascular bruits may be heard
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Small - loud pansystolic murmur
Large - Pulmonary hypertension
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Atrial arrhythmias
Pulmonary hypertension
RV Heave
Patent ductus arteriosis (PDA)
Pulmonary hypertension
Bounding pulse
Continuous machinery murmur
Marfan’s Syndrome
Lens dislocation Aortic dissection/dilation Dural ectasia Arachnodactyly Arm span > height Pectus deformity Scoliosis MV prolapse High-arched palate Joint hypermobility
Stroke
Clumsy/weak limbs
Loss of feeling
Dysarthria/dysphasia
Visuo-spatial
Chronic limb Ischaemia
Depends on size of occlusion
May cause pain when resting, ulceration and gangrene
Dilated cardiomyopathy
HF
Arrhythmias
Conduction defects
Thromboembolism
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmia Double apical pulsation Jerky carotid pulse Ejection systolic murmur Pansystolic murmur Fourth heart sound
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Elevated JVP with diastolic collapse Elevated venous pressure with inspiration Hepatic enlargement Ascites Oedema 3rd and 4th heart sounds
Myocarditis
HF Soft heart sounds Prominent 3rd heart sound Tachycardia Pericardial rub
Pericarditis
Pericardial rub
Leukocytosis
Lymphocytosis
Pericardial effusion features
Atrial fibrilation
Worsening HF
Irregularly irregular pulse
Tachycardia
Supraventricular tachycardias
Reduced CO
Hypotension
Congestive HF
Atrial flutter
Saw-tooth waves between QRS complexes
Ventricular fibrilation
Shapeless, rapid oscillations seen on ECG
Sustained ventricular tachycardia
Hypotension
Cardiac arrest
Pulse rate 120-220 bpm
Atrioventricular dissociation
