Investigations and Diagnosis Flashcards
1
Q
Stable angina
A
Diagnosis often on clinical assessment alone ECG - Exclude ANS Cardiac catheterisation CT angiography Stress echo/MRI/ETT Bloods CXR Myocardial perfusion imaging
2
Q
STEMI
A
ECG - tall T waves, ST elevation
CXR - cardiomegaly, pulmonary oedema
Blood tests
Cardiac biomarkers - raised troponin levels
3
Q
NSTEMI
A
ECG GTN trial Cardiac biomarkers - rasied troponin levels CXR Blood tests
4
Q
Unstable angina
A
ECG Cardiac biomarkers - troponin CXR CT MRI
5
Q
Hypertension
A
ABPM
HBPM
ECG, echo, proteinuria, renal ultrasound and eGFR to assess end organ damage
Screen for treatable causes - renal artery stenosis, Cushing’s, Conn’s
Sleep Apnoea
6
Q
Pulmonary Hypertension
A
CXR ECG Echo cMRI Routine bloods Liver ultrasound Right heart catheterisation
7
Q
Pulmonary embolism
A
CXR - blunt costophrenic angle ECG - usually normal Blood tests - elevated ESR and lactate dehydrogenase D-dimer V/Q scan Ultrasound CT/MRI
8
Q
DVT
A
D-dimer with clinical diagnosis
B mode venous compression
Ultrasonography
Doppler ultrasound
9
Q
Mitral stenosis
A
CXR - large left atrium ECG - blind P wave Echo - ventricular size and function cMRI Cardiac catheterisation
10
Q
Mitral regurgitation
A
CXR - cardiomegaly, LA enlargement, calcification of mitral annulus
ECG - LA enlargement and RVH
Echo - LV dimensions, cause and severity of MR
Cardiac catheterisation
11
Q
Aortic stenosis
A
ECG - LVH and ST/T changes CXR - calcification of aortic valve Cardiac catheterisation Echo - cusp mobility in and LV function cMRI CT
12
Q
Aortic regurgitation
A
ST/T changes and LA dilation CXR - cardiomegaly in chronic Cardiac catheterisation - obsolete Echo CMR
