Significant Structures of the Ankle Joint Flashcards
What structures make up the true ankle joint?
tibiotalar - tibia and talus
what are the three lateral ligaments of the ankle?
anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, calcaneofibular
Grade I lateral ankle sprain
anterior talofibular ligament is torn
Grade II lateral ankle sprain
anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular are torn
Grade III lateral ankle sprain
all lateral ankle ligaments are torn
Why do the lateral ankle ligaments get injured more easily compared to the medial ligaments?
because supination (inversion) is easier than pronation
What secondary tissues are usually damaged if the deltoid ligament tears?
medial malleolus fracture - this usually happens before the ligament actually tears
What bones does the deltoid ligament attach to?
tibia, navicular, talus and calcaneal
Where does the achilles tendon attach?
calcaneus
What happens to the gastrocnemius if the achilles tendon is ruptured?
squeezing the belly of the gastroc will no produce plantar flexion as it would if the tendon were intact
What are the tendons posterior to the medial malleolus? Hint: Tom, Dick and Harry
posterior tibial, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
Posterior Compartment Syndrome can also be referred to as:
shin splints - if the TDH muscles are strained they can pull on the interosseous membrane and produce shin splints
What are the tendons that pass under the anterior retinaculum?
Anterior tibialis, extenso digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus
What happens if there are stress on the anterior muscles of the ankle joint?
lateral shin splints
what are the tendons that are posterior to the lateral malleolus?
peroneus brevis, peroneus longus
what structure does the peroneus longus attach to on the plantar surface of the foot? And together what structure do they support?
long plantar ligament - they support the transverse arch from below
lateral compartment syndrome?
stress on the peroneus brevis and peroneus longus, hyper-pronation of the foot
what is the primary weight bearing articulation of the ankle?
tibiotalar joint
proximal tibiofibular joint
plane joint formed between the posterolateral surface of the tibia and the head of the fibula
distal tibiofibular joint
fibrosus syndemosis between the distal facets of the tibia and fibula
What motion stabilizes the talus at the tibiotalar joint
Dorsiflexion strengthens
Plantarflexion weakens
What supports the longitudinal arch from above
Tibialis anterior tendon
What supports the longitudinal arch from the planter surface
Tibialis posterior
Transverse arch of the foot is composed of what bones
Cuboid, navicular, 3 cuneiforms and proximal metatarsals
The medial longitudinal arch of the foot is made up of which bones
Talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms and metatarsals 1,2&3
The lateral longitudinal arch is made up of which bones
Cuboid, calcaneus, metatarsals 4&5
Main shock absorbing joint in the body
Subtalar joint
