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BDS1 Molecules and Cells > Significance of pH > Flashcards

Significance of pH Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do buffers do?

A

Maintain pH of body within normal pH ranges

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2
Q

What is the normal pH range for blood?

A

Around 7.4

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3
Q

What is the normal pH range for urine?

A

Around 6.0 (range 4.4 - 8.0)

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4
Q

What is the normal pH range for gastric fluid?

A

Around 2.0

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5
Q

What is the normal pH range for saliva?

A

Around 6.2 - 7.2

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6
Q

What are 2 inorganic buffers found in the body?

A

Phosphate and bicarbonate

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7
Q

What is the equation for the pH scale?

A

pH = -log10[H+]

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8
Q

What does the dissociation of acids release?

A

Hydrogen

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9
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance which in water tends to produce H+ ions

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10
Q

What is a base?

A

A substance which in water tends to combine with H+ ions

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11
Q

What do you ned for the dissociation of an acid?

A

The forward reaction must be balanced by the reverse reaction

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12
Q

What is the acid dissociation constant (Ka) equation?

A

Ka = [H+][B-]/[A]

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13
Q

What is the Ka of a strong acid?

A

Ka is greater and so the reaction is pushed to the right

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14
Q

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation?

A

pH = pKa + log10[B-]/[A]

where pKa = -log10Ka

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15
Q

What is the Ka and pKa of a stronger acid?

A

Larger Ka and therefore smaller pKa

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16
Q

What is an indicator?

A

Weak acids or bases which in the ionised form and unionised form show a difference in colour

17
Q

What is the dissociation equation of an indicator?

A

pH = pKa + log10[In-]/[HIn]

18
Q

Why is very little indicator added to a reaction?

A

So that the pH of the solution is unaffected

19
Q

Why is an electrical method (e.g. a pH meter) a better way of measuring pH?

A

They are more accurate

20
Q

What do buffer solutions do?

A

Resist changes in pH when acids or bases are added

21
Q

What do buffer solutions consist of?

A

A conjugate acid-base pair of either a weak acid or a weak base

22
Q

Why are buffering systems in the body important?

A

They maintain pH homeostasis

23
Q

What do buffering systems in the mouth do?

A

Limit pH changes due to acid production by plaque bacteria

24
Q

When do buffers operate optimally? (when are they most effective?)

A

At their pKa e.g. when they are HALF DISSOCIATED

25
Q

Why are buffers important in saliva?

A

They neutralise the acid produced therefore preventing dental caries

26
Q

What is an extremely important buffer in body fluids?

A

Bicarbonate

27
Q

What unusual proteins does saliva contain which are also important buffers?

A

Histatins

BDS1 Molecules and Cells (14 decks)

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