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Cpje > Signer 36th > Flashcards

Signer 36th Flashcards

1
Q

Abacavir, Dolutegravir, Lamivudine

A 
Triumeq 
I: HIV (Antiretroviral)
Monitor: LFT, CD4+ cell count 
DDI: CYP3A4 Inducer
CI: HLA-B*5701, liver
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2
Q

Acetaminophen + Codeine

A 
Tylenol #2, 3, 4, Capital
C - III Opioid Analgesic
One or two tablets q3-4h PRN
DI: CNS depression (avoid alcohol) 
SE: dizziness, drowsiness, constipation, N/V, excessive sweating 
Take with food to avoid GI upset
*habit forming
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3
Q

Acyclovir

A

Zovirax
HSV1, shingles

Herpes: 200mg PO q4 x 10days (total: 5 capsules)
Shingle: 800mg q4-5h (7-10days) within 72hrs of rash

Avoid sexual intercourse (HSV) + lesion

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4
Q

Albuterol Sulfate (inhalation)

A

Proventil, Ventolin, Proair
Bronchodilator Asthma, COPD
HFA Inhaler: 90mcg per spray
1-2 inhalations q4-6h PRN (2 inhalations QID)
Exercise: 2 inhalations 15min, prior to exercise

DDI: sympathomimetics (TCA, MAOI)
SE: N/V, nervousness, insomnia, tremor, tachycardia, palpitations (think of NE)
Shake before each inhalation, clean mouthpiece at least once a week

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5
Q

Albuterol Sulfate (oral)

A

Proventil
2-4mg TID - QID (max. 32mg/day)
SE: tremor, nervousness

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6
Q

Alendronate

A

Fosamax
Osteoporosis
10mg QD or 70mg QW
*Doses must be swallowed whole with plain water immediately upon arising (at least 30min. prior to breakfast). Not lie down for 30 min. after.
DDI: calcium and antacids may decrease absorption
SE: abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, flatulance, musculoskeletal pain

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7
Q

Alfuzosin Hydrochloride

A

Uroxatral
Benigh prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) - alpha 1 adrenergic receptor inhibitor
1 tablet QD with food, same meal QD
Monitor: BP
DDI: CYP3A4 inhibitor
SE: dizziness, H/A, hypotension,syncope
Take with food, at the same time, same day

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8
Q

Allopurinol

A

Zyloprim
Gout
200mg to 300mg per day
Gout attacks may increase during initiation of therapy, use colchicine or NSAID prophylactically, drink fluid to prevent precipitation of urates (kidney stones)
SE: drowsiness (avoid alcohol), diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rash

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9
Q

Alprazolam

A 
Xanax CIV
Antianxiety, panic disorders 
Benzodiazepines 
0.25mg - 0.5mg initially, given TID
Do NOT d/c abruptly - withdrawal symptoms
CI: CNS depressants, opioids (resp. depression, coma, death) - avoid alcohol 
SE: drowsiness, hypotension
Beer’s List
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10
Q

Amantadine HCl

A

Symmetrel
Parkinson’s Disease - increase DA
100mg PO BID
CI: anticholingeric increase SE: anticholingeric effects (Nausea, dizziness, insomnia, anxiety, dry mouth, dry nose)
Do not abruptly d/c - withdrawal (neuroleptic malignant syndrome - muscle rigidity, autonomic dysfunction, tachycardia)

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11
Q

Amiodarone (a mee ow dr own)

A

Cordarone, Pacerone, Nexterone
Antiarrhythmics - Class III (K channel blocker)
Maintenance dose is 400mg
Monitor: Liver, pulmonary function
DDI: increase effect of warfarin, phenytoin, digoxin, quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide. CYP 3A4 inibitors and inducers

Beer’s List

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12
Q

Amitriptyline (a muh trip tuh leen)

A

Elavil
TCA: Depression - inhibit reuptake of NE, Serotonin
40mg - 150mg at bedtime
CI: < 12 yo, MAOI, antidepressant increase suicidal thoughts and actions in children, adolescents, young adults
SE: tachycardia, dry mouth, N/V, H/A, urinary retention, drowsiness (T: thrombocytopenia, C: cardiac (arrhythmia, MI, stroke), A: Anticholinergic, S: seizures)

Beer’s List

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13
Q

Amlodipine

A 
Norvasc
CCB - HTN
2.5mg - 10mg QD
SE: peripheral edema, flushing, h/a, palpitation, reflex tachycardia, gingival hyperplasia
Safest in HF (lowering BP)
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14
Q

Amlopdipine Besylate + Benazepril HCl

A

Lotrel
Lowest dose of Amlodipine to avoid peripheral edema
CI: pregnancy, h/o angioedema, within 36 hr of Entresto
SE: cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension, renal impairment, bilateral renal artery stenosis (avoid)

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15
Q

Amoxicillin Trihydrate

A

Amoxil, Moxatag, Trimox
1st line: acute otitis media (Pediatric:90mg/kg/day)
DOC: infective endocarditis prophylaxis before dental procedure (2g PO x1, 30-60min before)
Gram negative (H. Influenza, E.coli, N. Gonorrhoeae) Gram positive (Adult: 250mg to 500mg q8hr or 500mg to 875mg q12hr
CI: severe renal impairment (CrCl < 30), beta lactam allergy
SE: seizure with accumulation, GI upset, diarrhea, rash (SJS/TEN)
Taken on empty stomach, complete full course of therapy, shake/keep suspension refrigerated (discard after 14 days)

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16
Q

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate Potassium

A 
Augmentin, Augmentin XR
500mg q8h or 875mg q12h
Taken at the start of a meal
CI: renal 
SE: seizure, diarrhea (C.diff)
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17
Q

Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine

A

Adderall, Adderall XR
ADHD
C II - RX can NOT be refilled
Stimulant - block NE/DA
Dosed qAM, do NOT need to be tapered off
BW: misuse cause sudden death, serious CV event
CI: < 6yo
SE: resetleness, dizziness, insomnia, tremor, h/a, palpitation, tachycardia

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18
Q

Anastrozole

A

Arimidex
Block conversion of androgen to estrogen (Breast cancer - hormone based chemo) - Aromatase Inhibitor
Postmenopausal women - 1mg daily
*higher risk of osteoporosis, higher risk of CVD compared to SERM
SE: hot flashes/night sweats, arthralgia/myalgia

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19
Q

Apixaban

A

Eliquis
Anticoagulant - Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor
Nonvslvular AFib (stroke prophylaxis): 5mg PO BID
2 of the following: > or equal to 80 yo, body weight < or equal to 60kg, or SCr > or equal to 1.5 - give 2.5mg BID
Treatment of DVT/PE: 10mg BID x 7 days, then 5mg BID
BW: pt receiving neuraxial anesthesia - risk of hematomas or paralysis
CI: active pathological bleeding, prosthetic heart valve
SE: bleeding
NO MONITORING OF EFFICACY
Antidote: andexanet alfa (Andexxa)

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20
Q

Aripiprazole

A

Abilify (Abilify Maintena - IM: monthly, Aristada - IM: q4-8wks)
Antipsychotic - second generation
SE: Akathisia (inability to sit still, restlessnesses), activating
CI: dementia related psychosis - suicidal thoughts
QT prolongation

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21
Q

Atenolol

A

Tenormin
Hypertension for pts with post-MI, stable ischemic heart disease, heart failure
25mg - 100mg QD
BW: do not d/c abruptly; taper down
W: worsen glycemia, mask hypoglycemic symtoms, caution with asthma, COPD, Raynaud’s
SE: bradycardia, fatigue, hypotension, dizziness, depression, impotence

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22
Q

Atomixerine HCl

A

Strattera
ADHD - Non stimulant (second line)
SNRI
Children > 70kg: target dose is 80mg qAM or qPM
BW: suicidal ideation risk
CI: MAOI within the past 14 days
SE: decreased appetite, insomnia, somnolence, dry mouth, hypertension, tachycardia (increased NE)

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23
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Lipitor
Hyperlipidemia
CI: pregnancy, lactating , liver disease
SE: HMG, photosensitivity
H: hepatic
M: muscle damage (myopathy, rhabdomyolysis)
higher risk with elderly, higher dose, used with fibrate (Gemfibrozil)
G: glucose

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24
Q

Azelastine HCl (nasal)

A

Astelin, Astepro
Antihistamine
Allergy
2 sprays per nostril BID: prime by pumping 4 times, no additional priming unless more than 3 days lapses between doses
SE: May cause drowsiness
Missed dose: skip, return to normal dosing schedule

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25
Q

Azithromycin Dihydrate

A

Macrolide - atypical, CA-Resp. tract infection, chlamydia, gonorrhea
Zithromax, Z-pak
Z-pak: 500mg on day 1, then 250mg on days 2-5
Tri-pak: 500mg QD x 3 days
CI: liver
W: QT prolongation, hepatotoxicity
SE: GI upset - take with food

26
Q

Baclofen

A 
Lioresal 
Muscle relaxant - GABA
10-20mg TID-QID
SE: CNS depression - drowsiness (avoid alcohol)
Contain PKU - disintegrating tablets
27
Q

Benazepril HCl

A 
Lotensin 
Antihypertensive - ACE Inhibitor 
Initial: 10mg QD 
CI: pregnancy, lactating, within 36 hra of Entresto
SE: cough, angioedema, hyperkalemia
28
Q

Benzonatate

A

Tessalon
Antitussive
100mg TID PRN (>10 yo)
SE: drowsiness, h/a, constipation, nausea, pruritus, nasal congestion, sensation of burning in the eyes

29
Q

Benztropine Mesylate

A

Cogentin
Anti-arkinson Agent - antihistamine/ anticholinergic
1mg - 4mg QD or BID PO or IV,
CI: pregnant, BPH
SE: anticholinergic, numbness of finger, depression, nervousness, CNS depression

May take with food, avoid exposure to hot weather
Beer’s List

30
Q

Bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide

A

Biktarvy
1st line
HIV-1 - One pill/once daily
SE: increase SCr, renal function, decrease bone mineral density
CI: CrCl < 30 - do not start, st. john’s wort

Test for hep B before treatment

31
Q

Bimatoprost

A

Lumigan, Latisse
Glaucoma agent (prostaglandin) - decrease IOP
1 drop in the affected eye or eyes QD in the evening
SE: permanently change the pigmentstion and growth of the eyelashes/lids

Lie down or tilt head backward and look up, drop solution inside lower lid, and make sure dropper does not come in comtact with eye or fingers. Wait at least 5 min. before instilling other preparation, remove contact lenses prior

32
Q

Bisoprolol Fumarate with Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT)

A

Ziac
Antihypertensive - beta 1 selective blocker, hct
1 tablet daily in the morning (increased diuresis)
SE: fatigue, h/a, dizziness, diarrhea
Take with food or milk if GI Upset, avoid abrupt withdrawal from therapy, mask hypoglycermic symptoms, avoid excessive exposure to sunlight.

33
Q

Brimonidine Tartrate

A

Alphagen P
Glaucoma agent - alpha 2 adrenergic agonist (reduction of production/increase output)
1 drop in the affected eyes three times daily (approx. 8 hrs apart)
CI: MAOI
SE: allergic conjunctivitis, conjunctival hyperemia, eye pruritis
Monitor: IOP

Lie down or tilt head backward and look up. Holding the dropper above the eye, drop solution inside lower eyelid, making sure the dropper does not come in contact with the eye or finger. Keep the eye open for at least 30 seconds, and apply pressure to the inside corner of eye for at least 1 min.

34
Q

Budesonide (inhalation)

A

Pulmicort
Inhaled corricosteroids (Antiasthmatic) - asthma, COPD
180mcg (children) or 360mg (adult) BID
1 - 4 inhalation BID
SE: dysphonia (difficulty speaking), oral candidiasis (thrush), cough

Rinse mouth with water and spit out after each use to prevent trush; can use spacer device
Use on a regular basis.
1) twist off white cover
2) twist brown base to right and then left until click
3) inhale forcefully and deeply

35
Q

Budesonide and Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate (inhalation)

A

Symbicort
COPD, asthma
2 inhalation twice daily

Rinse mouth after each use
Not intended to provide immediate releif of bronchospasm - use on a regular basis

36
Q

Bumetanide

A

Bumex
Diuretic - loop diuretic

Warning - sulfa allergy
SE: decrease Ca, K, Mg, Na, Cl, increase UA, TC, BG, HCO3, ototoxicity orthostatic hypotension, photosensitivity
Monitoring: renal, fluid status, BP, electrolyte, audiology testing

Equal dosing: furosemide (40) = torsemide (20) = bumetanide (1) = ethacrynic acid (50)

37
Q

Buprenorphine with Naloxone

A 
Suboxone C-III
REMS 
Opioid dependence 
Partisl opioid agonist/antagonist 
Target dose - 16mg QD sublingual 
SE: drowsiness, CNS depressant, h/a, constipation, nausea, sweating
Do not d/c abruptly

Habit forming

38
Q

Bupropion

A 
Wellbutrin, Forfivo XL, Zyban (REMS) - TCA
Antidepressant 
	IR - TID
	SR - BID 
	XL - QD 
MAX: 450mg/day

DDI: MAOI, linezolid, IV methylene blue, other form of bupropion (renal accumulation - seizure)
CI: seizure, h/o bulimia/anorexia
SE: druy mouth, CNS stimulstion (insomnia, restlessness), tremor/seizure, weight loss

Increase suiciadal thoughts and actions in children, adolescents, and young adults

39
Q

Buspirone

A

Buspar
Antianxiety
5HT1A, 5HT2
Start 7.5mh BID, Max 30mg BID
CI: MAOI - Serotonin syndrome
SE: dizziness, drowsiness, h/a, nausea, excitement
No potential for abuse, tolerance, or physiological dependence

40
Q

Butalbital, Acetaminophen, Caffeine

A 
Fioricet 
Analgesic
1-2 tsbd/caps q4hr PRN (max: 6)
X children < 12 
SE: dizziness, drowsiness, lightheadedness
May take with food to avoid GI upset

Habit forming
Beers List

41
Q

Calcitriol

A

Rocaltrol, Calcijex
Vitamin D3 - hypocalcemia (liver and kidney)

CI: hypercalcemia, vitamin D toxicity
SE: N/V, diarrhea, hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia
Monitoring: calcium, phosphorus, PTH

Take with food or shortly after a meal to decrease GI upset

42
Q

Calcium Acetate

A 
Phoslo
Phosphate binder - hyperphosphatemia 
ESRD: 2 capsules/tablets with each meal 
DDI: chelates - tetracycline, fluroquinolones 
CCI: hypercalcemia 
SE: nausea, vomiting, hypercalcemia

Take with food or meal
Do not d/c without first consulting MD
Do not take additional calcium supplements

43
Q

Canaglifozin

A 
Invokana 
DM - SGLT2 inhibitors
	proximal renal tubules - increase excretion of glucose
100mg QD prior to first meal 
eGFR <30: not recommended

CI: dialysis
W: ketoacidosis, genital mycotic infections, urosepsis and pyelonephritis, necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum, hypotension, AKI (vol. depletion), increased risk of leg and foot amputation, risk of fracture
SE: weight loss, inceased urination and thirst

  • reduction in HF and CKD progression
44
Q

Carbamazepine

A 
Tegretol, Tegretol XR, Carbatrol ER, Equetro ER
Anticonvulsant- narrow spectrum 
Initial: 200mg BID
Max: 1600mg/day
Therapeutic range: 4-12mcg/ml

BW: serious skin reaction, HLA-B*1502, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis
CI: myelosuppression
W: hyponatremia (SIADH), fetal harm
SE: dizziness, drowsiness, N/V
Monitoring: CBC (+platelet), electrolyte (Na)

CYP3A4 Inducer and autoinducer

Take with food/milk

45
Q

Carbidopa with Levodopa

A

Sinemet, Sinemet CR, Rytary (ER), Duopa (enteral suspension)
Antiparkinson - (precursor of DA, inhibits dopa decarboxylase enzyme) - prevents peripheral metabolism of levodopa
IR: 25/100mg PO TID

CI: non-selective MAOI within 14 days
SE: nausea, dizziness, orthostasis, dyskinesia, hallucination, psychosis
can cause brown, black, or dark discoloring of urine
Coomb’s test: d/c (hemolysis risk)
unusual sex urge, priapism

***70-100mg of carbidopa needed
Long term - fluctuations in response and dyskinesia (involuntarily mvnt)
Do not abruptly d/c

46
Q

Carisoprodol

A 
Soma 
Muscle relaxant 
Tablet: 250-350mg TID QHS
SE: drowsiness, dizziness, h/a
If missed dose, skip. 
DDI: additive with alcohol or CNS depressants
47
Q

Carvedilol

A

Coreg, Coreg CR
Antihypertensive - nonselective beta blocker
12.5mg BID
CI: NYHA Class IV decompensated cardiac failure, asthma or COPD, AV Block, severe bradycardia
SE: dizziness, diarrhea, bradycardia, hypotension, hyperglycemia, visual abnormalities
Take with food to decease orthostasis
Do not d/c abrutply

48
Q

Cefdinir

A

Omnicef
3rd generation ceohalosporin PO
CI: PCN allergy
SE: Risk of seizure if accumulation (renal adjustment), GI upset, diarrhea, rash

49
Q

Cefuroxime Axetil (oral)

A

Ceftin
2nd generation cephalosporin
CI: pcn allergy
SE: risk of seizure if accumulation occurs (renal dysfunction), GI upset, diarrhea, rash
Complete full course of therapy unless otherwise directed

50
Q

Celecoxib

A

Celebrex
NSAID - lower risk for GI, increased risk for MI/stroke, renal

Osteoarthiritis: 200mg QD or 100mg BID
Rheumatoid: 100-200mg BID

CI: sulfonamide allergy
*highest COX-2 selectivity
Avoid in pregnancy

51
Q

Cephalexin

A

Keflex
1st generation cephalosporin
PO: 250-500mg q6-12h
CI: pcn allergy
SE: seizure risk (accumulation), n/v, diarrhea, hives, itching, rash
Take it on empty stomach with water
Complete full course of therapy unless otherwise directed

52
Q

Chlorhexidine Gluconate

A

Peridex, Periogard
Treatment of gingivitis (oral rinse) - gram+/-
BID oral rinsing for 30 seconds, morning and evening after brushing teeth

SE: stain oral surface, change taste perception, increase calculus formation, minor irritation of oral mucosa
Do not swallow, rinse with water following use
Use after meals and after brushing teeth

53
Q

Chlorthalidone

A

Hygroton
Inhibit Na and Cl reabsorption
Diuretic - adjunctive therapy in edema (HF)
50mg QD or 100mg Every other day
HTN
25mg QD initially, increase to 50mg to 100mg per day
CI: hypersensitivity to sulfonamide-derived drugs
SE: decrease K, Mg, Na
incresse Ca, UA, LDL, TG, BG
photosensitivity, impotence, dizziness, rash
Monitor: electrolyte, renal function
Thiazide are not effective if CrCl < 30

Take early in the morning to avoid nocturia

54
Q

Cilostazol

A

Pletal
Platelet inhibitor
100mg BID
Cyp3A4 inhibitor
CI: congestive HF
SE: h/c, diarrhea, abnormal stool, palpitation, dizziness
Noticeable improvement may take up to 12 weeks to appear.
Take on empty stomach, at least 30 min before or 2 hr after meals
X grapejuice

55
Q

Ciprofloxacin HCL

A

Cipro, Cipro XR
250mg - 750mg PO q12h
CrCl 30-50: q12h
CrCl < 30: q18-24h

Bw: tendon inflammation and/or rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effect: seizure, tremor, restlessness, confusion, hallucination, depression, paranoia, nightmares, insomnia, increased intracranial pressure

Warning: QT prlongation, hypo/hyper-glycemia, psychiatric disturbance, avoid in children/pregnancy/lactation due to musculoskeletal toxicity, photosensitivity, hepatotoxicity

SE: n/d, h/a, dizziness, serious skin reaction

Cipro suspension: shake vigorously x 15 sec before each use, X through NG or other feeding tube

Antacid and other polyvalent cation can chelate and inhibit quinolone absorption
Lanthanum (Fosrenol) and sevelamer (Renvela, Renagel) - decrease concentration of quinolone
Increase warfarin, SU, insulin [ ]

56
Q

Ciprofloxacin (ophthalmic)

A

Ciloxan
Solution: Use 1 - 2 drops into the conjunctival sac q2h while awake for 2 days and 1-2 drops q4h while awake for the next 5 days
Ointment: 1/2 inch to conjunctival sac TID X 2 days, then BID for the next 5 days
SE: burning or discomfort
Wait at least 5 min before instilling other opthalmic preparation

57
Q

Ciprofloxacin with Dexamethasone (otic) - otitis

A

CiproDex
4 drops instilled into the affected ear twice a day for 7 days
Suspension: Shake/warmed in the hand

SE: ear discomfort, pain, pruritus
Complete full course of therapy unless other wise directed

58
Q

Citalopram HBr

A

Celexa
Antidepressant - SSRI
Initial: 20mg QD and gradually increase to 40mg QD (MAX)
The full effect may not be seen until 4 weeks
Do not abruptly d/c

DDI: MOAI, linezolid
CI: increase suicidal thoughts and actions in children, adolescents, and young adults
SE: nause, dry mouth, somnolence, insomnia, diarrhea, impotence, diaphoresis, weakness, dizziness, h/a
Take it in the morning

  • QT prolongstion: do not exceed 20mg/day in elderly (>60yrs), liver disease
  • bleeding (additive risk)
  • SIADH/hyponatremia, fall risk
59
Q

Clindamycin

A 
Cleocin 
Gram + including CA MRSA and anaerobes 
No renal adjustments required ‘
BW: colitis (C.difficile) 
SE: N/V/D, rash, urticaria, increase LFTs 
Induction test (D-test) should be performed S. Aureus (S - clindamycin but R - erythromycin) 
	flattened zone between the disk (positive D-test) indicates inducible clindamycin resistance and clindamycin should not be used
60
Q

Clobetasol Propionate

A

Temovate
Corticosteroid

Short term treatment - gently rub in affected area BID for no more than 2 consecutive weeks
SE: local burning and itching

Do not use with occlusive dressings

Cpje (3 decks)

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