SIGNALS Flashcards
What are the 6 classes of 2 position signals?
- Home
- Dwarf
- Disc
- Distant
- Siding Dwarf
- Calling on
What are the 2 main purposes of signal systems?
- Communicate to the driver the state of the line ahead
- Give the driver authority to proceed
What are the two types of two position signals?
- Light Type
- Disc Type
What signal is both a class and a type?
Disc Signal
What do two position Home signals protect (and positioned at)?
Stations
Signal Boxes
Sidings
Level Crossings
Junctions
What two aspects can the two position Home system show?
Red - Stop
Green - Proceed
When a two position home signal is showing proceed, are the points set and the line clear ahead?
Yes the points and line are clear.
What does a proceed aspect on a two position home signal not show?
Does not indicate if next signal is at proceed.
Driver should be prepared to stop at next signal and assume it’s at stop.
What 2 aspects do distant signals display?
- Caution
- Proceed
Why would a distant signal be at caution?
- A train is in the section
- An obstruction on the line
- A signal in the block is at danger
When coming across a distant signal at caution, can it tell you which signal is at stop?
No, it only indicates that a signal in the block is at stop
What does a call on signal mean?
A train can enter into an occupied section, past the stop aspect.
How would a driver pass a calling on signal showing proceed?
Advance cautiously past the signal and be able to stop short of any obstruction
If the home signal is clear (green) AND bottom light is on, can you proceed?
No, it would be treated as an irregular signal aspect. Treat as both signals are at their safest aspect.
What are disc signals used to control? (train movements)
- Running line to running line
- Running line to siding
- Siding to siding
- Siding to running line
What 2 aspects do disc signals display?
Stop and Proceed
What does a disc signal tell us? (PTSN)
P - Points are set
T - Track ahead may be occupied
S - Speed is reduced speed cautiously
N - Next signal is unknown so be prepared to stop
When a disc signal is at proceed, what must you be aware of?
The line may be occupied or obstructed
What is the max speed at a siding?
15km/h
What is the max speed at points? (running line to running line)
40km/h
How can a disc signal show an aspect at night?
It has a red or green light depending on if it reads stop or proceed
How do you read a set of 4 disc signals on one post?
Top to bottom, left to right
1-3
2-4
What does a two position dwarf signal control?
- Running line to running line
- Running line to siding
- Siding to siding
- Siding to running line
What are the two different types of two position dwarf signals?
Standard 2 position dwarf signal
And a siding Dwarf (fitted on same past as home signal)
What aspects can a dwarf signal display?
Stop - Red/Blue/Purple
Proceed - Green or Yellow (for a siding dwarf)
How can a siding dwarf and a call on signal be distinguished?
Call on is just the light
Siding dwarf has the light AND a siding sign
If a two position dwarf signal is at proceed, is the line clear?
No, the track ahead may be occupied
What happens when a track circuit is broken?
The signal reverts to it’s fail safe aspect (stop)
What are 3 things that can break a tracks circuit?
- Damaged track
- Obstructed track
- Occupied by another train
How does an axle counter work?
It counts how many axles enter a block and makes sure it matches with how many axles leave the block. It feeds this information to the signals to show the block is occupied or clear.
What light colours can be shown by a 3 position signals?
Red - stop/reference light
Yellow - warning
Green - clear
What information can a 3 position signals provide?
Points - set or not set
Track section ahead - clear or occupied
Speed - normal/medium track speed
Next Signal - whether next signal aspect is proceed or stop
What is the top light (A light) referring to in a 3 position signal set?
The A light refers to normal speed
What is the bottom light (B light) referring to in a 3 position signal set?
Medium speed aspect
What signal class can have a C Light or Low speed aspect?
Home signal
How can you tell a home signal and an automatic signal apart?
Home has two lights vertically
Automatic has the two lights staggered
What are the three classes of 3 position signals?
Home
Automatic
Dwarf
Why is it important to know the difference between the classes of signals?
Rules and instructions vary depending on class and location of signal
Where are 3 position signals fixed at and protecting?
Stations
Signal boxes
Sidings
Level crossings
Junctions
Which classes of 3 position signal is usually controlled?
Home signals and Dwarf signals
If you need to pass a home signal that is uncontrolled, who would you contact for permission?
Signaller/Area Controller (Signal Control Panel)
What is the primary purpose of automatic signals?
Expedite the passage of trains by dividing long sections of track into shorter sections.
Can automatic signals at stop be passed?
Yes, only if you follow Rule 1, Section 3
Which signals are classified as absolute or permissive?
Absolute - Home, Dwarf, Disc
Permissive - Automatic
How many aspects can a 3 position signal show?
6 with A & B lights
7 with A, B & C lights (only on home)
What aspect is this signal showing?
Clear Normal Speed
For a Clear Normal Speed aspect, what does the signal tell us? (PTSN)
P - Points are set
T - Track is clear
S - Speed is track speed
N - Next signal will show proceed
What aspect is shown on this signal?
Normal Speed Warning
What does a Normal Speed Warning tell us? (PTSN)
P - Points are set
T - Track is clear
S - Speed is track speed, but prepare to stop at next signal
N - Next signal will be at stop
This signal is Reduce to Medium, what speed is medium?
40km/h
What does a reduce to medium signal tell us? (PTSN)
P - Points are set
T - Track is clear (till next signal)
S - Track speed but prepare to reduce to medium by next signal
N - Next signal will be at medium aspect
What does a Red A light over a Green B light signify? (Name + PTSN)
Clear Medium Speed
P - Points are set
T - Track is clear
S - Speed is medium (40km/h)
N - Next signal will be a proceed
What is the name of this aspect and what does it tell us? (PTSN)
Medium Speed Warning
P - Points are set
T - Track is clear
S - Speed is medium (40km/h), prepare to stop before next signal
N - Next signal is at stop
What do 2 red lights on a signal mean?
Stop!
Points may not be set, track may be occupied.
When stopped at danger aspect, what should you do with your reverser?
Set to neutral or off
Marker lights to white
What is the name of this aspect and it’s PTSN?
Low Speed Caution
P - Points are set
T - Track ahead may be occupied
S - Speed is low speed 15km/h, be ready to stop short of any obstruction
N - Don’t know next signal aspect, assume next one is at safest position
What 2 locations can a low speed signal take you to?
- A siding
- Main line track/running line to running line (eg. to a station to couple with another train)
When can a Low Speed Caution never be used?
For train movements into a bi-directional portion of track
What signal aspects come before a stop aspect?
Reduce to Medium (sometimes) then Normal Speed Warning or Medium Speed Warning
What does an illuminated 65 or 80 mean on a home or automatic signal?
High speed points ahead, reduce to 65 or 80 based on what is shown.
What does an illuminated red A on a 3 position home signal mean?
Home signal has been switched to automatic as is to be treated as an automatic signal (only visible on a signal at stop)
If a signaller is operating points and signals, the signal box is referred to as?
Switched In
If the signaller is off duty, what is the signal box referred to as?
Switched out
When the signal box is switched out and running by the passage of trains, what is the mode called?
Fleeting Mode
What 3 aspects does a three position dwarf show?
Stop
Low speed caution
Clear low speed
What is the primary purpose of Banner Indicators?
They indicate the aspect of the signal ahead when a clear view of the signal cannot be obtained
Banner Indicators are not….?
They are not:
Fixed signals
Considered to be signals in advance
What signal is being repeated on the Banner Indicator when it shows 2 horizontal lines?
Stop
What aspect is shown on the Banner Indicator?
Normal Speed Warning
What signal is the Banner Indicator showing?
Reduce to medium
What aspect is the Banner Indicator showing?
Stop
Who do you report a faulty Banner Indicator to?
Train Control @ Metrol
When are hand signals used?
- To stop trains in an emergency
- Control shunting movements
- To communicate specific instructions
How are hand signals made?
Hands, flags, paddles and lamps/torches
If you lose sight of your hand signaller or the hand signal is unclear, what should you do?
Stop your train Immediately and make enquiries
When are stop/danger hand signals used?
- In an emergency to warn of danger
- By station staff if they need to stop you leaving due to an emergency
- During shunting movements
- Given by a driver when protecting a disabled train
- Given by a hand signaller when a defective signal cannot be secured at stop
What flag is used for Stop?
Red Flag
How is stop/danger hand signalled at night?
A steady red light or any coloured light waved violently
Or a red light on a dispatch paddle
What is the hand signal for stop during the day?
Arms above the head with elbows bent at 90 degrees
How do you hand signal ‘Move Backwards’ during the day? (Move towards hand signaller)
Wave arm inwardly across the body
How do you hand signal ‘Move Backwards’ during at night? (Move towards hand signaller)
Wave a white light slowly from side to side across the body
How do you hand signal ‘Move Backwards’ during at night? (Move towards hand signaller)
Wave a white light slowly from side to side across the body
How do you tell the driver to (insert instruction) move slowly when hand signally at night and day?
Day - one arm raised above the head, other hand signalling movement
Night - green light performing movement instead of white
How do you hand signal ‘Move Forward’ during the day and at night? (Move away from hand signaller)
Day - Wave arm outwardly in a circle from the body
Night - wave a white light slowly up and down
How do you hand signal ‘Move Forward’ during the day and at night? (Move away from hand signaller)
Day - Wave arm outwardly in a circle from the body
Night - wave a white light slowly up and down
How do you hand signal ‘ease up’ by day and night? (Used during coupling)
Day - Raise both hands overhead, bringing fingertips together and then seperate
Night - wave a GREEN light slowly from side to side across the body
Immediately prior to coupling, what hand signal must be given? (To anticipate coupling)
Stop
How is the alright hand signal shown during the day and at night?
Day - Hold arm in horizontal position or a white flag
Night - white light held steadily or a dispatch paddle with a white light
Does an All Right hand signal mean proceed?
No, you must obey the signal aspect
What hand signal means Proceed or All Clear? (Day and night)
Day - Green Flags
Night - Green light held steady
What are 4 reasons why a Proceed/All Clear hand signal would be used?
- To authorise a driver past a fixed signal when it’s out of order (after receiving correct authority)
- To pass over certain points not interlocked with signals
- To caution a driver entering an occupied line where no low speed signal is provided (after stopping and giving driver verbal warning)
- Displayed by track force protection by lookout or inner flag person
What does ABS stand for?
A - Automatic
B - Block
S - Signalling
What are the two variances of ABS?
- Double Line - designated up and down lines
- Single Line - Bi-directional
What is a block and a track section?
Block - Home signal to home signal
Track section - from automatic signal to automatic signal between a block
What are the two objects of ABS?
- Allows multiple trains to proceed in the same direction by limiting them to 1 train per track section at one time.
- On bi-directional ABS only one train can be in a whole block section when trains are running in opposing directions.
What defines a station limit?
A station limit is a portion of line that is under the direct control of a signaller and protected by the positioning of home signals.
How do you tell what area is the station limits for ABS?
From the first home signal to the first automatic automatic signal at advance
How is a signal diagram read?
A signal diagram is read like a map
What does ATC stand for?
A - Automatic and
T - Track
C - Control
What are the two objects of the ATC system?
- When 2 or more trains are proceeding in the same direction, the object is to prevent more than one train being on a track section at one time.
- When trains are proceeding in opposing directions through a single line section, the object is to prevent more than one train entering the single line section at a time.
How do departure signals protect the signal line track from opposing trains?
Once a departure signals changes to proceed the opposing departure signals is secured/sleeved to stop
At remote controlled crossing loops during period of signal failures, who might be asked to operate the dual control point machines?
A driver may be asked (by signaller or TC) to operate the points
What are the station limits for ATC?
From home arrival signal to arrival signal
When in a ATC station limit, who can give drivers instructions to move?
The signaller can give the driver instructions to move
What is the single line section?
Bi directional portion of line between two crossing loops
What signals control the entrance into the single line section?
Departure signals and a dwarf signal in some locations (when entering from a siding)
How can a home arrival signal be identified?
All home arrival signals have a low speed aspect (C Light)
When a home departure signal shows clear medium speed (ATC) when does the speed restriction end?
Once the train clears the points protected by the signals
What are the 3 main types of route indicators?
- Arrow
- Letter
- Feather
What are the 3 sub-types of the Letter type?
- Dual Gauge route indicators
- Illuminated letters
- Theatre type
What are the 2 sub-types of Arrow types?
- Painted arrows
- Illuminated arrows
What else can indicate a route is set? (Outside the main types)
Signal aspects can also indicate route is set
What letters are used on dual Gauge indicators?
V - Victorian Broad Gauge (5ft)
S - Standard Gauge (4ft)
Where is the only feather light indicator found on the MTM network?
Platform 1 at Richmond Station
How can signal aspects indicate a route?
Points must be passed at 40km/h (unless otherwise signed) so a medium speed aspect would mean the train is diverging and a clear normal speed means the train is proceeding ahead.
What route indicators is this?
Arrow Type - Painted arrows
What route indicators type and sub-type is pictured?
Arrow Type - Illuminated arrows
What route indicators type and sub-type is shown?
Letter Type - Illuminated Letters
What route indicator is pictured? (Type and sub-type)
Letter Type - Dual Gauge indicator
What type and sub-type is the pictured route indicator?
Letter Type - Theatre Type
Which route indicator is pictured below?
Feather Type
What are line indicators and why are they used?
Line indicators are painted letters on a board.
They correspond to a certain signal and the letter refers to a line. Used to prevent read across errors but telling drivers which signal is for which line.
Who do you report a defective route indicator to?
The controlling signaller
If a signal is displaying proceed but the route indicator is not illuminated, who must the driver confer with?
The controlling signaller to check is the intended route is set
If a route indicator has failed and the train is in motion, how must the driver proceed?
Attempt to stop before points/route indicator if safe to do so
If passed and incorrectly routed, do not set back without correct authority. Contact TC
If stopped prior to an incorrect route, what is the procedure?
If a train has been incorrectly routed and was unable to stop before signal, what is the procedure?
- Communicate with the Signaller or TC
- Act under their instructions
- PA announcement
- Change ends and set back if instructed
- Incident report
Where are automatic train stops located?
3 Position Home and Automatic Signals and certain 2 position Home and Dwarf signals
What speed are Speed Proving Train Stops generally set at?
25km/h
What is a Fixed Train Stop?
Permanently raised train stop which prevents the train from entering non wired or end of track section/location.
If you come across a vandalised automatic train stop, how do you remove the obstacle?
Appropriate cab unattended
Use a switch stitch to remove object
DON’T USE HAND OR FOOT
If the train stop position is in contrast to the signal (Eg proceed and arm raised) who do you notify?
Train Control or controlling signaller
If an automatic train stop is damaged who do you report it to?
Train Control @ Metrol
When you are required to pass a signal at danger, what are 3 things you must remember?
- Only pass signals at danger if the reason for doing so is authorised by the rules
- You MUST receive proper instruction and or authority from signaller/train/area Controller (for home or dwarf)
- If it’s an automatic signal, apply rule 1 section 3 to determine if it may be passed
You are detained at home signal at stop, what are the first two things you should do if it doesn’t change?
- Sound one long whistle
- Contact controlling signaller (if signal hasn’t changed after whistle)
What information should you provide to the controlling signaller if detained at a home signal?
TDN
Signal post number
Position of train (eg. Up end of ringwood)
How often should you contact the signaller when waiting for a proceed at a home?
Regular intervals not exceeding 5 minutes
When detained at a home signal, what information should the controlling signaller inform the driver about?
- Expected delay duration
- Reason for delay
- If blocking facilities have been applied
If detained at a home signal, when should the driver contact TC @ Metrol?
- You cannot contact the controlling signaller
- You are not satisfied with the cause and delay duration
- Delay will exceed 5 minutes
Can TC @ Metro issue an authority to pass a home signal?
No, it must be authorised by the controlling signaller
What are the 3 exceptions on ABS to pass a home signal at danger?
- Defective Home Signal
- Track Circuited and NO Low Speed/Calling On
- Single Line Working
A Signallers Caution Order is required for defective Home signals protecting…..
- A Turnout or Crossover (facing or trailing points)
- The Foiling point of a Crossover
- A Tramway Crossing
If a home signal is not protecting turnout/crossover/fouling point/tramway crossing, what authority is required?
Verbal instructions issued by controlling signaller
How many Signallers Caution Orders can be issued at one time for one signal?
Only one at a time, the train must clear the track section before another can be issued
If authorised to pass a defective Home signal (abs) which protects points/junctions/crossovers, how must you proceed?
Extreme Caution, expect section to be occupied/obstructed/damaged until whole train has pass the next fixed signal
If a signal can be worked…..
It must be worked on the ABS system
If a light is extinguished on the home signal, can the driver accept a low speed caution aspect?
No, it is a signal irregularity and would be considered a PAE
What are the 3 ways Signallers Caution Orders be given?
- Handed only (local & unrecorded)
- Transmitted (on recorded line) or handed
- Dictated or handed
What details of the Signallers Caution Order must be completed and understood by driver and signaller?
All details must be completed and understood by both driver and signaller
On ABS what exemption is required for a home signal that is track Circuited with no low speed/calling on?
Verbal instruction and or green hand signal from controlling signaller
What is single line working?
System when the traffic of a double Line is being worked over a single line due to repairs/obstruction
What exemption is required for single line working?
Verbal instructions from Pilot (Pilot will have Single Line working forms)
What can the pilot not authorise with safe line working?
The pilot cannot authorise the driver to pass a signal protecting the exit of the single line working section
What signals does the Area Controller @ Metrol in the MURL?
- All entry/exit signals
- Signals protecting points
- Signals protecting the departure ends of platforms in loop
What type of signal is found in the MURL?
All signals in the MURL are homes
What signals in the MURL require a Signallers Caution Order?
Signals protecting points
What signals in the MURL only require verbal instructions to pass (when at danger)?
Intermediate Home signals or any signals not protecting points
What is the exception in the MURL?
Track Circuited and No Low Speed will so apply to home signals in the MURL in certain circumstances
What are the two exceptions to pass a disc/dwarf signal at stop on ABS?
- Defective
- Single line working
If a dwarf/disc on ABS is defective at stop, what authority do you need to pass it?
Verbal authority from Controlling Signaller
What authority is required to pass a disc/dwarf on ABS for single line working?
Verbal instructions from Pilot working in conjunction with signaller
A driver can authorise themselves to pass an automatic signal at stop using Rule 1, Section 3 as long as: (3 things)
- Driver is certain (to best of their knowledge) the track section is not obstructed
- Train is free from defects that could cause extended braking distances
- Visibility is suitable
When performing a Rule 1, Section 3, how must you treat the track ahead?
Never assume signal is defective, treat the track ahead as occupied, obstructed or damaged
What are the 3 reasons why you could pass an automatic signal at stop?
- When performing Rule 1, Section 3
- When authorised by driver of disabled train acting as a pilot
- When special instructions from MRS (Manager of Rail Safety) apply to the contrary
How must the train be driven when passing through the track section after performing R1S3?
Drive train according the visibility and be able to stop within half the distance that can be seen
Max speed 25km/h
If as a driver you decide not to perform R1S3, who must you advise?
Train Control @ Metrol
Tell them the circumstances for not proceeding
If a driver cannot make contact with the R1S3 number, how long must they wait before they can proceed with R1S3?
30 seconds if signal has not improved
When does proceed at extreme caution end for R1S3?
When the whole train has passed the next fixed signal (if it’s at proceed)
If you have called the R1S3 line but the signal has improved, what must you do?
Call the number back and state ‘signal cleared’
What is extreme caution defined as?
- Being able to stop in half the distance seen ahead
- Not exceeding 25km/h or posted track speed is lesser (including warning boards)
- Always be prepared to find the next section ahead occupied/obstructed/damaged
If a driver receives a radio call while performing R1S3, can it be answered?
Yes but you must bring the train to a stand. Call may be pertinent to what is occuring.
Driver must NOT be distracted while train is in motion
While performing a R1S3 if a train ahead is spotted, what must you do?
Come to a stand, when train moves ahead on same line follow at a safe distance
After performing a R1S3, what will you need to submit before the end of your shift?
Incident report with signal number and delays encountered
If a trip arm on a trailing motor has been left in the lowered position it will backtrip. What procedure needs to be followed after back tripping?
- Stop the train
- Look in the mirror and check the train hasn’t derailed
- TEC
- PA announcement
- Full Can Unattended Procedure
- Located lowered trip and raise it or isolate if defective
- Return to leading cab and book fault (if required)
- Proceed at EXTREME CAUTION until next fixed signal
- Incident report
What is the procedure for an irregular trip NOT in the vicinity of a signal?
- Stop the train
- Look in the mirror and check the train hasn’t derailed
- TEC
- PA announcement
- Look for any obvious cause
- Reset trip valve
- Proceed at EXTREME CAUTION until next fixed signal
- Incident report
What is the procedure for tripping in the vicinity of a home dwarf? Comms available
- Stop the train
- Look in the mirror and check the train hasn’t derailed
- Call controlling signaller
- TEC if signaller cannot be contacted
- PA announcement
- Act under signallers/train controllers instruction
What is the procedure for tripping in the vicinity of a home/dwarf signal and communication is NOT available?
- Stop and secure train
- Check train hasn’t derailed
- Attempt to contact metro or signaller
- Make a PA announcement
- Continue to attempt communication
- Do not move the train under any circumstances until authorised by TC or signaller
- Adopt TOTS (Train Overtime in the Section)
What is the procedure for tripping in the vicinity of an automatic signal?
- Stop the train
- Check the train hasn’t derailed
- TEC call
- Make a PA announcement
- Do not proceed until instructed by TC
- Once authority received, proceed per R1S3
If a PAE has occurred, what is the procedure?
- Stop and secure the train DO NOT RESET TRIP, DO NOT MOVE
- Check the train hasn’t derailed
- TEC call
- PA announcement
- Act under instruction from TC or signaller
Railway tracks and the land adjacent to them are often referred to as?
The permanent way
What are some reasons why the normal line speed may be reduced and need a permanent way sign?
- Track fault
- Signalling fault
- Overhead line fault
- Engineering/maintenance requirement
What document has information regarding permanent way signs and track force protection?
WON (Weekly Operational Notice)
What day does the WON come out?
Every Tuesday
When is track force protection required?
- Before maintenance beginning on or within 3m of the track
- Before machinery is placed on the track
- Before a ballast/maintenance train remains stationary or moving slowly (on a running line)
- Before rail is removed or re-laid
- Before an obstruction is placed on the running line
- Line is unsafe due to natural or other issues
- Where workers don’t have a POS
- Required by the asset owner if plant is near overhead
- Any other obstruction of the track
What is the duty of the outer hand signaller?
- Place 3 ATWS 10m apart on the rail a sufficient distance from point of work
- Display the yellow hand signal (flag)
If your train runs over ATWS what is the procedure?
- Reduce speed
- Sound a long whistle
- Press MAD button (Memory Aid Button)
- Look out for the inner hand signaller, expect hand signal to be at STOP
What flags/hand signals can the Inner Hand Signaller show?
Red hand signal (stop)
Green Hand Signal (all clear)
What does a green flag or torch waved slowly side to side mean?
25km/h speed
Proceed at this speed until a steady green hand signal is observed
What are the 3 defined areas for Track Force Protection?
Inner Suburban
Suburban
Country
What stations define the Inner Suburban Area?
Up end of Jolimont, Richmond and North Melbourne
The east and west bypass lines between Southern Cross Station and Melbourne Yard
Are ATWS used in the Inner Suburban area?
No, only suburban and country
In the Inner Suburban Area, how many signals in the rear of the point of work is the Outer Flag Signaller?
2 signals in the rear of the point of work
In the inner suburban area, how far away from the point of work is the inner hand signaller?
100m
In the suburban area how far away is the outer hand signaller from the point of work?
1200m
In suburban areas and automatic signal areas, how many signals away from the rear of obstruction is the Outer hand signaller?
3 automatic signals (even if less than 1200m)
In the suburban area, if there is a signal box less than 1200 from point of work what must the hand signaller instruct them to do?
Instruct the signal box/signaller to keep appropriate signals at stop
And put 3 ATWS on one rail or obstructed line
In the suburban area, how far away is the inner hand signaller?
200m
In the country area, what must the outer hand signaller do?
Be 2000 - 4000m from the point of work
Place 3 ATWS 10m apart on one rail of the line
Display a yellow hand signal
What does the MAD button do?
Slow flashing yellow light
Audible tone at 10 second intervals
Used to remind drivers
If a driver spots a lookout or workers near the line, what must you do?
Sound the long whistle
Lookout for all right signal
If no all right signal given, sound whistle again and slow down
Notifications of temporary speed restrictions or cancellation of these notices are distributed through?
The depot
Paperlite
WON
How far away from point of work is a warning board placed?
1200m
When should you slow down to the speed on the warning board?
By the caution board
How far away from the point of work is the caution board placed?
200m
How far after the point of work is the NS board (Normal Short board)?
200m
Can a 6 car train resume normal speed at a NS board?
Yes, trains under 200 m/8 cars can resume normal speed once the front of their train passes the sign
Where is the Normal board placed?
1200 meters after the point of work
What does the N (normal) board mean?
All trains can resume the normal speed upon reaching the N sign
If a permanent way board shows 2 different speeds with letters what does it mean?
Two different speeds for Passenger and Goods Trains.
P for passenger train speed
G for goods train speed
If temporary speed restrictions overlap, what happens?
Additional Warning and Caution boards are placed to indicate lower speed commencement
N and NS boards are applicable for both speed restrictions
If a permanent way board is damaged or missing, who do you report it to?
Report to TC @ Metrol
If a train is being used for Track Protection, what does the TFPC do?
Pilot the train to the worksite, place a red flag over the master controller. They are the only person who can remove the flag.
What is an ‘active control’ level crossing?
A level crossing that has flashing lights, bells and/or boom gates that operate when a train approaches
What is a ‘passive control’ level crossing?
A passive control level crossing only has fixed warning signs
Level crossing activation points can vary due to?
- Track speeds
- Platforms prior to crossing
- Platforms after the crossing
- Signalling circuitry
- Signaller activation
- Express mode
What does a flashing light repeating side light on a level crossing mean?
It’s a red/white flashing light that lets the train driver know the level crossing warning devices are active and functioning.
What are the 3 types of whistle board?
- Normal
- Healthy State Indicator Type
- Predictor Board Type
What whistle board is this and how far away from the level crossing is it positioned?
Normal Type Whistle Board
Positioned 400m away from level crossing
On passing a whistle board before a level crossing, what must a driver do?
- Sound a long whistle
- Observe crossing activates (if active control)
- Observe crossing is clear of traffic or obstructions (vehicles/pedestrians)
- Sound a long whistle again just prior to entering the crossing
What whistle board is this?
Healthy State Indicator Whistle Board
What whistle board is pictured?
Predictor Board
What is the procedure for when two trains approach a level crossing from opposing directions at the same time? (ABS)
Both trains are to continuously whistle until they have BOTH reached the level crossing
What is the definition of a long whistle?
The sound of the whistle should be distinct, with intensity, duration or repetition appropriate at which the warning is required to be heard
When a train leaves a platform near a crossing (passive control) what should the driver do?
Sound the long whistle when leaving the platform and then sound the long whistle again when approaching the crossing
What is an emergency whistle?
Short, urgent blasts on the train whistle
If you see any danger at a level crossing what must you do?
- Apply emergency brake
- Continuous whistle (high)
- Report incident to TC immediately (REC or TEC)
- If collision occurs, remain onsite until a relief driver is sent
What keys are used at level crossing key switch?
5p and Abloy
What information should you give to TC about a defective level crossing?
- Name of level crossing (on whistle board) or location details (eg. Down end of Burnley)
- Describe fault
If the level crossing protection equipment fails, what is the procedure?
- Attempt to stop prior to crossing (emergency brake is necessary)
- Emergency whistle
- Report fault to TC @ Metrol
- REC and any other warnings you can give other trains (whistle, headlights, marker lights)
If you manage to stop your train prior to a failed level crossing, what is the procedure?
- Sound a whistle
- Move train cautiously towards the crossing, within 3 meters should activate the crossing circuit
- When protection equipment starts to operate, stop the train and wait for it to be fully operational
Once a failed level crossings protection becomes fully operational, how must you proceed?
- Ensure saloon lights are on
- Sound a continuous whistle until the leading cab clears the crossing
- Proceed at 15km/h until the leading cab clears the crossing
- Once leading cab is clear, resume normal operation as per signals/operation restrictions
It is only safe to proceed at a failed level crossing when?
- Level crossing is protected by suitably authorised staff
- Booms have lowered and warning lights are operational
- Train on opposite sides has activated the booms and lights
- When all protective devices are active and no vehicles/pedestrians are on crossing
If you cannot bring your train to a stand prior to the level crossing, what do you do?
- Emergency Whistle
- Flash headlights (high and low)
- Use any means possible to warn vehicles and pedestrians of emergency
- Contact TC via REC immediately
If a level crossing is clear but the crossing equipment is inactive, can you proceed?
No, you must never proceed on a level crossing with the crossing equipment active
If a home or dwarf signal is protecting a level crossing, who ensures the crossing equipment is operating?
The signaller, they won’t give authorisation/accept to proceed until it’s operating
If performing a R1S3 at an automatic signal that is protecting a level crossing, what should you do?
Move the train forward cautiously until the level crossing protecting equipment operates
If doing a wrong line move over a level crossing, will the crossing equipment operate normally?
No, you must cautiously move the train up to the crossing until the crossing equipment operates.
Stop and wait for it to fully operate before proceeding
If single line working is occuring on ABS, how will the level crossing operate?
A competent worker will be at each end of the level crossing to manually operated the protection equipment.
Proceed at 15km/h once alright hand signal is given
Are key switches operation when the home signal is switched in?
No, it is only operational when in fleeting mode/switched out
What are common markings on key switches?
N (Normal) or P (Proceed) - Vertical Position
R (Reverse) or Stop or Boom Disable (2 or 10 o’clock position)
If the key is in 2 or 10 o’clock position, can it be removed?
No, this is so the boom must be put back into position prior to the key being taken out. Incase it is forgotten
After removing the key from the key switch, how long may it take for the level crossing equipment to operate and the signal to change to proceed?
3 minutes
What sign is this, where is it located and what does it mean?
Advance Warning Sign
200m from the tram square
Speed restriction ahead, slow down by next sign
What sign is this, where is it located and what does it mean?
Speed Restrictions Sign,
Located at the tram square
Commence speed from this sign
What sign is this, where is it located and what does it mean?
Clearance Sign - 3 Cars
80 meters from tram square
3 car trains can resume track speed once drivers cab has passed this sign
What sign is this, where is it located and what does it mean?
Clearance Sign
160m from tram square
6 car trains can proceed once drivers cab has passed sign
What sign is this, where is it located and what does it mean?
Limited Trackside Structure Clearance Markers
On Trackside infrastructure (eg. Over bridge)
Object or person protruding from a train is at HIGH risk of contact with structure
What sign is this, where is it located and what does it mean?
Terminal Stop Board
15 meters before end of overhead lines
Stop 3 meters before sign
If you see an irregularly displayed signal, what do you regard it as?
Always regard it as being at it’s safest aspect - STOP
What communication protocol must be adhered to when communicating with a signaller or TC?
Safety Critical Communication
If you are detained at a controlled signal at stop for an unknown reason, what is the procedure?
- Sound long whistle
- Contact signaller via DTRS/signal post phone or proceed to signal box
- If signaller cannot be reached, contact TC @ Metrol
What information may the signaller give to explain the signal at stop?
- Defective equipment (signal/points)
- Congestion
- Trespassers
- Ahead of timetable
- Train faults
- I’ll passengers
What must the signaller inform the driver of? (when detained at a controlled signal @ stop)
- Expected duration of delay
- Reason for delay
- If blocking facilities have been applied
Once the driver has spoken to the signaller, when must they contact TC @ Metrol?
- Driver cannot contact signaller
- Driver not satisfied with cause/duration
- The delay will exceed 5 minutes
What are some signal irregularities?
- Absence of a signal aspect (normally shown)
- Imperfectly displayed
- Flickering
- Disc signal not turned correctly
- White light where coloured light should be
- Two signal aspects where only one should be shown (2 position signals on the same post)
- Conflicting signal aspects
- Reverting to stop prior to train passing
- Cycling through different signal aspects
- Incorrect sequencing
- Any other signal indications not specified in book of rules
If a home/automatic signal is defective at proceed, what safety measures are put in place?
Hand Signallers will:
1. Obscure light of signal
2. Place 2 ATWS 10 meters apart on the rail line with the defective signal - a sufficient distance
3. Give a red hand signal to stop any train
4. Inform driver of circumstances
How must a driver proceed past a defective Home signal at proceed?
- Obtain correct authority to pass
- Proceed at extreme caution till next fixed signal is passed (whole train)
Are ATWS placed down for defective disc and dwarf signals defective at proceed?
No ATWS
If a train is wrong routed to unwired track, what must the driver do?
- Apply emergency brakes to stop short of overhead end
- Lower pantographs to prevent damage to them or the overhead
If a home signal is defective at stop but it’s protecting a tram square, what happens?
- Signaller I’ll ensure the boom barriers are lowered prior to giving authority
- Signaller will provide an SCO (Signallers Caution Order) as authority to pass
- Driver may be required to coast over tramway, signaller will inform you of this
What happens if the illuminated A fails on a home signal @ stop in Metro controlled area?
- Contact Area Controller and follow their instructions
- If they cannot be contacted, keep trying and do not move the train until authorised
Why might the illuminated letter A not be displayed when signal is at stop?
- Blown globe
- Failure of circuitry to points or signals
- Signaller is in attendance and signal box is switched in
- Points not laying correctly
If the letter A is not illuminated and the signal is at stop, how can you investigate the reason?
- Long whistle
- Contact controlling signaller
- If unable to contact, contact TC @ Metrol who will check is signall box is switched out
- If local, perform full cab unattended and proceed to signal box and see if closed sign is up
- If on platform with no signal box and no comms, full cab unattended and press passenger emergency intercom to speak with control room and TC
- If unable to confirm, adopt TOTS and submit incident report before end of shift
If a co-acting signal is conflicting/has an irregular aspect, what must you consider it and the main signal to be at?
Assume signal is at stop, notify signaller or TC
If an irregular aspect signal occurs and the signal is at stop, how must you proceed?
- Bring train. To stand using emergency brake id necessary
- Report to TC immediately
Why may a signal be out of use?
- Commissioning and de-commissioning signals
- Maintenance work
- Major rail engineering projects
If a signal is being taken out of service, where would this information be issued?
WON (Weekly Operational Notice)
Safe Working Circulars
Depot Notice Board
What are the 3 ways signals can be shown as not in use?
Black Cross
Light extinguished and turned away
Bagged
How should you treat a bagged or crossed signal?
Disregard
Can multiple 2 position signals of the same or different classes be on the same post and how are they read?
Yes
Read top to bottom, left to right
Why might multiple 2 positions be on the same post?
Each individual signal will signal a different route
How are co-acting signals read and identified?
Read both signals as one, must have same aspect
Co-actor will have same signal number and sometimes is followed by a ‘p’
When is your speed ‘Reduce Speed Cautiously’?
- All 2 Position Aspects @ Proceed - excluding homes
- Rescuing - Power & Breaking from lead cab
- Rescuing from the advance on ABS
- Both directions of Single Line Working
When would you travel at 40km/h?
- Medium Speed Aspect
- Diverging movements
- Train Rescue - Braking from lead, powering from middle/other
What speed restrictions are 25km/h?
- On TFP when the GREEN flag is waved
- Dead end/terminal location entry speed
- Speed proving trips in the MURL
When do you do ‘Extreme Caution’?
- Rule 1 Section 3
- Passing signal at stop
- When you have tripped
- Setting back
When do you do 15km/h? (12 answers)
- When water is across track but not covering rail
- Low Speed Aspects
- Sidings/Yards
- Propelling (driving/braking not from lead cab)
- Points held by hand
- Trailing points become facing points (wrong line movement)
- Points are clipped
- Wrong line move over level crossing
- After picking up disabled train driver acting as pilot
- 2km from disabled train driver acting as pilot (in advance)
- After passing signal protecting disabled train
- Train rescue in MURL (in advance)
What is a Speed Board?
Permanent speed restrictions, shows maximum speed permissable
What does a Speed Restriction board showing P and G mean? And which speed do you follow?
P - Passenger Train
G - Goods Train
Follow Passenger train speed
What is a curve board? When do you follow the speed by?
Placed at curves where speed is less then track speed
Must do speed before you enter the curve
With a curve board, when can you speed back up?
Once the entire length of the train has cleared the curve
If the rail temperature is 58C and rising, what speed restriction will be in place and where?
WOLO70
70km/h max
Junction Specific
If the rail temperature is 55C and rising, what speed restriction will be in place and where?
WOLO80
80Km/h
Line Specific
How can you be notified of WOLO restrictions?
- Notice boards & Signs
- Group calls from Metrol
- WOLO boards at ends of platforms
If you have tripped (in vicinity of signal or not) what are the first 2 steps?
- Stop train - do not move
- Check train hasn’t derailed
If you tripped in the Vicinity of a signal, who do you contact?
Controlling Signaller or TC if Automatic
If you tripped in the vicinity of a signal, can you reset the trip yourself?
No you must not move or reset trip until instructed
Once you have tripped (in vicinity of a signal or not), what speed do you proceed at?
Extreme Caution until the whole train has passed the next fixed signal at proceed
How far away from a Tram Square is the Tram Square Ahead sign?
200m
How far away from a Tram Square is the Tram Square Ahead sign?
200m
Where is this sign placed?
At the tram square
Where is this sign placed?
At the tram square
How far after the Tram Square is this sign placed?
80m
How far after the Tram Square is this sign placed?
80m
How far from the Tram Square is the END TRAM SQUARE sign located?
160m
