signal origins and evolution Flashcards
how does a snapping turtle lure prey
has mouth that looks like worm
how do you define communication
sender signals and receiver responds and this interaction is mutually advantageous
what is epiphenomenon
result of interaction of sender and receiver and their goals
why do females prefer male calls with high frequencies in tungara frogs
they have risky behavior in their calls and can survive predation from bats
what is sensory exploitation
receivers have undergone selection for other functions such as food, prey, or predator detection. this bias then affects evolution of other signals
why do females prefer sword tails before swordtails evolved the actual tail
bigger and strong males
sword = bigger male
what is ritualization
process by which a functional behavior pattern or structure is transformed into a communication signal
what does ritualization depend on increasing
- conspicuousness
- stereotypy
- separation from its original function
how is a ghost crab an example of ritualization
-makes big sandpile
-big sandpile = bigger male
-stands out, and no longer its original function => hide from predators using sandpile
-stereotyped
how are bower birds an example of ritualization
-attracting females by gathering rare items/food
what are intention movements
behavior patterns that precede or prepare for other behaviors
what are the 2 points of the evolution of ritualization
- natural selection acts on receiver and sender
- senders ritualize the signal
what is aposematic coloration
warning coloration
ex: monarch butterflies, salamanders, frogs
what is mullerian mimicry
mutual imitation among dangerous species
-don’t have to risk being preyed upon if imitating other animals’ coloring
what is batesian mimicry
imitation of a dangerous model by a harmless mimic
