sigma deck Flashcards
What are the three components of the Trivium?
Grammar, logic, and rhetoric.
List the important elements of rhetoric.
- The Author
- The Purpose
- The Audience
- The Text
- The Setting
What are the three major components of rhetoric?
- Ethos
- Pathos
- Logos
Define Ethos.
The speaker’s credibility or reliability on the subject being argued.
Define Pathos.
The speaker’s ability to appeal to the audience’s emotions.
Define Logos.
The component that appeals to the audience’s sense of logic, using evidence and reasoning.
What is an Ad Hominem fallacy?
Attacking the character or motive of the person making an argument rather than addressing the argument itself.
What is a Straw Man fallacy?
Misrepresenting or oversimplifying an opponent’s argument to make it easier to attack.
What does False Dichotomy refer to?
Presenting only two options when more exist, oversimplifying decision-making.
What is a Slippery Slope fallacy?
Arguing that a small first step will lead to significant negative consequences without evidence.
Define Appeal to Authority.
Claiming a statement is true simply because an authority figure endorses it.
What is Hasty Generalization?
Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient or unrepresentative evidence.
What does Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hog imply?
Assuming that because one event followed another, the first event caused the second.
What is the Bandwagon fallacy?
Arguing that a claim is true simply because it is popular or widely held.
Define Red Herring.
Introducing irrelevant information to distract from the main argument or issue.
What is Circular Reasoning?
An argument’s conclusion is included in the premise, creating a loop without real evidence.
What does False Equivalence assert?
That two opposing arguments or situations are logically equivalent when they are not.
What is the Tu Quoque fallacy?
Dismissing an argument by pointing out hypocrisy in the opponent rather than addressing the argument.
Define No True Scotsman.
Redefining a term in a biased way to exclude counterexamples that would disprove a claim.
