Sight

Question 1

CONJUNCTIVA

Answer 1

Layer of cells inside of eyelids

Question 2

CORNEA

Answer 2

Transparent thick fibrous tissue sheet on anterior 1/6th of eye that starts to bend light 1st structure LIGHT hits

Question 3

ANTERIOR CHAMBER

Answer 3

AQUEOUS HUMOR that gives pressure to keep eyeball shape & allows nutrients to supply cornea/ iris cells

Question 4

PUPIL

Answer 4

Modulates amount of light entering eyeball

Question 5

IRIS

Answer 5

Eye color and MUSCLE that constricts/ relaxes to change pupil size

Question 6

LENS

Answer 6

Bends light go it goes to the back of the eyeball/ focuses light specifically on the fovea of the retina
=Adjusts how much it bends the light by changing its shape via SUSPENSORY LIGAMENTS

Question 7

SUSPENSORY LIGAMENTS

Answer 7

Attached to a CILIARY MUSCLE.

=Both make the CILIARY BODY: Secretes aqueous humor

Question 8

POSTERIOR CHAMBER

Answer 8

Behind the iris to the back of the lens.

Has aqueous humor

Question 9

VITREOUS CHAMBER

Answer 9

Has VITREOUS HUMOR: Jelly-like for eyeball pressure and gives eye nutrients

Question 10

RETINA

Answer 10

Back with photoreceptors where light of converted from physical wave to electrochem impulse so the brain and interpret

Question 11

MACULA

Answer 11

Retina part rich in CONES (also has rods)

Question 12

FOVEA

Answer 12

Macula part that’s covered ONLY IN CONES (no rods) [vs. rest of retina has rods]

Question 13

CONES

Answer 13

Color and detail of object

Question 14

RODS

Answer 14

Detect light

Question 15

CHOROID

Answer 15

Black pigment cuz absorbs all light. Blood vessels that nourish the retina. This is different colors in animals that have better night vision

Question 16

SCLERA

Answer 16

Eye white, thick fibrous tissue that covers posterior 5/6 of eyeball (vs. cornea front 1/6). Attachment point of muscles and extra protection, lined with conjunctiva

Question 17

Define TRANSMISSION

Answer 17

Electrical activation of 1 neuron by another neuron

Question 18

Define PERCEPTION

Answer 18

Conscious sensory experience of neural processing

Question 19

Define PROCESSING

Answer 19

Neural transformation of multiple neural signals into perception

Question 20

Define TRANSDUCTION

Answer 20

Energy transformed from 1 form to another: light energy to electrical by rods and cones

Question 21

Define SENSATION

Answer 21

Physical stimulus converted into a neural impulse. Here, is done via a PHOTORECEPTOR

Question 22

EM Wavelength

Answer 22

LOW wavelength: GAMMA rays
LONG wavelength: AM/ FM waves
VISIBLE LIGHT: middle of EM spectrum
ROYGBIV: Violet is 400 nm - Red is 700 nm (complementary is split wheel into 6)

Question 23

How do RODS work

Answer 23

120 million of them. In retina
Normally is turned ON but turns OFF when light hits it
=>When OFF-> Turns ON BIPOLAR CELL-> Turns ON RETINAL GANGLION CELL-> To optic nerve to brain

Question 24

How do CONES work

Answer 24

6-7 million of them. RED GREEN BLUE. In retina

Almost all are centered in fovea/ center of macula for details

Question 25

What is the PHOTOTRANSDUCTION CASCADE

Answer 25

Process of turning ON->OFF RODS in retina to make brain recognize that there’s light entering the eye (light hits rod->neural impulse)
1. Light makes Rods turn OFF -> Bipolar cells are now ON -> retinal ganglion cells are now ON -> Optic Nerve (axon of ganglion cells). BLIND SPOT/ Back of eye -> brain

Question 26

TRICHROMATIC THEORY OF COLOR VISION

Answer 26

Cones receptive to RED, GREEN, BLUE and these mix

Problem: Does NOT say how to mix blue and yellow

Question 27

OPPONENT PROCESS THEORY OF VISION

Answer 27

4 cones: RED oppose GREEN; BLUE oppose YELLOW, and black oppose white. Between these colors, only 1 can dominant at a time

Question 28

Define PHOTOPIC VISION

Answer 28

Happens at levels of HIGH LIGHT

Question 29

Define MESOPIC VISION

Answer 29

Happens at DAWN or DUSK= involves rods and cones

Question 30

Define SCOTOPIC VISION

Answer 30

Happens at VERY LOW LIGHT