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Block 5 Week 4 Meg > Sievert: Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Sievert: Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the openings of the sublingual ducts?

A

openings of these ducts lie on either side of the frenulum of the tongue (there are ~6 on each side)
**this is why the inferior teeth get the most plaque build up

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2
Q

Where is the opening of the submandibular duct?

A

in the sublingual caruncle (on either side of the frenulum of the tongue)

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3
Q

The submandibular duct runs right alongside what nerve?

A

lingual nerve

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4
Q

What 2 components is the lingual nerve carrying in the oral cavity?

A

taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

GSA

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5
Q

Where is the opening of the parotid duct?

A

by the second upper molar

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6
Q

How are teeth numbered?

A

Beginning up top on the right side (1-16)

From left to right on the bottom (17-32)

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7
Q

What other structures can be found running along the inferior aspect of the tongue?

A

deep lingual artery and vein

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8
Q

What structures can be seen upon inspection of the oral cavity?

A 
soft palate
uvula
palatoglossal arch
palatopharyngeal arch
palatine tonsil
posterior wall of pharynx
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9
Q

What two arches surround the palatine tonsil? Which is anterior? Which is posterior?

A

palatoglossal arch **anterior

palatopharyngeal arch **posterior

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10
Q

What two muscles lie with the palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch? What are these muscles innervated by?

A

palatoglossus
palatopharygeal
*innervated by CN 10

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11
Q 
How many molars do we have?
How many premolars?
How many canines?
How many later incisors?
How many central incisors?
A 
6
4
2
2
2
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12
Q

Which papillae do NOT contain tastebuds?

A

filiform

*these are rough tastebuds that you feel on a cat’s tongue

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13
Q

Which papillae lie along the sulcus terminalis?

A

vallate papillae

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14
Q

What structures are sandwiched between the hyoglossus muscle and the mylohyoid muscle on the lateral side of the floor of the mouth?

A

lingual nerve
lingual artery
submandibular duct
hypoglossal nerve

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15
Q

What nerve does the submandibular duct hook as it courses anteriorly?

A

lingual nerve as it enters the tongue

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16
Q

All of the muscles of the tongue (extrinsic and intrinsic) are innervated by CN 12 except for which?

A

palatoglossus **CN 10

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17
Q

4 tongue muscles

A

palatoglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus
genioglossus

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18
Q

What action does the styloglossus have?

A

retraction of tongue

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19
Q

What action does the hyoglossus have?

A

depresses the tongue

helps elevate the hyoid bone

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20
Q

Where do the fibers of the genioglossus come from? What does this muscle do?

A

genoid tubercle of the mandible;

sticks out tongue, moves it side to side

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21
Q

When you ask a patient to stick out their tongue and move it from side to side, what CN are you testing? If there is damage to the nerve, what side will the tongue fall to?

A

CN 12; tongue will fall to weak side (strong side pulls)

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22
Q

If you have a cut right hypoglossal nerve, what will you observe when you stick out your tongue?

A

atrophy of tongue

tongue will deviate to right

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23
Q

How many different cranial nerves supply the tongue?

What are they?

A

5;

CN 5, 7, 9, 10, 12

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24
Q

Which cranial nerves supply MOTOR innervation to the tongue?

Which cranial nerves supply SENSORY innervation to the tongue?

A

CN 10 to palatoglossus
CN 12 to all other muscles of tongue;

CN 10 (internal laryngeal nerve) taste to back of tongue
CN 9 taste and GSA to posterior 1/3
CN 7 (chorda tympani) taste to anterior 2/3
CN 5 (lingual nerve) GSA to anterior 2/3
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25
Q

What are the elements of the tonsilar ring?

A

pharyngeal tonsils = adenoids
palatine tonsils
lingual tonsils

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26
Q

Which tonsil is associated with the opening of the auditory tube? Why is this significant?

A

pharyngeal tonsil; inflammation of this tonsil can close off the auditory tube and cause chronic ear infections

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27
Q

Which tonsil lies at the back of the throat, and if inflammed for a long period of time, will make you feel like you have to clear your throat?

A

lingual tonsil

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28
Q

What are the three subdivisions of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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29
Q

Area posterior to nasal cavity extending to the inferior aspect of the soft palate (respiratory)

A

nasopharynx

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30
Q

Area posterior to oral cavity; from inferior border of soft palate down to epiglottis (digestive and respiratory)

A

Oropharynx

31
Q

Area posterior to larynx; from epiglottis down to cricopharyngeus muscle (digestive and respiratory)

A

laryngopharynx

32
Q

What are the superior and inferior borders of the pharynx?

A

extends from the base of the skull to the C6 vertebra (cricoid cartilage)

33
Q

In which division of the pharynx are the torum and ostium of the auditory tube located?

A

in the nasopharynx

**auditory tube can be closed off during inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil

34
Q

3 structures associated with the nasopharynx/soft palate

A

cartilagenous end of the auditory tube (torus)
levator veli palatini
tensor veli palatini

35
Q

What innervates the levator veli palatini? What does this muscles do?

A

CN 10; elevates the soft palate

36
Q

What innervates the tensor veli palatini? What does this muscle do?

A

CN 5; tenses the soft palate and opens the auditory tube

37
Q

What is one way to clinically check for CN 10 damage?

A

Have your patient open their mouth and say ah, while you observe the uvula. If it is deviated to one side, there is CN 10 damage to that side.

38
Q

What are 3 components of the oropharynx?

A

posterior 1/3 of the tongue
palatine tonsil between two arches (palatroflossal and palatopharyngeal)
valleculae (recess at the back of the tongue)

39
Q

Why is the valleculae significant?

A

Food particles can get lodged here and may cause a gag reflex

40
Q

Components of the laryngopharynx?

A

epiglottis
laryngeal inlet
piriform fossa

41
Q

There are 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles. What are they?

A

superior
middle
inferior

42
Q

What does the superior constrictor muscle attach to anteriorly?

A

the buccinator at the pterygomandibular raphe

43
Q

What does the middle constrictor muscle attach to?

A

the hyoid bone

*this muscle is wider posteriorly and narrows down at the front to attach to hyoid bone

44
Q

What does the inferior constrictor muscle attach to?

A

ends at the cricoid and thyroid cartilage

*continuous with the esophagus

45
Q

Where do the buccinator and superior pharyngeal constricter attach?

A

the pterygomandibular raphe

46
Q

How are the superior, middle, and inferior constrictor muscles arranged?

A

like a flower pot (they fall within the posterior muscle)

47
Q

What are the three extrinsic pharynx muscles?

A

stylopharyngeus *inserts between the superior and middle constrictor muscle
palatopharyngeus
salpingopharyngeus *tiny

48
Q

Only pharynx muscle innervated by CN 9

A

stylopharyngeus

49
Q

Where is the narrowest part of the pharynx?

A

at the esophageal junction

*cricopharyngeus muscle

50
Q

What is Zenker’s diverticulum? Where does it most commonly occur?

A

Mucosal linings of the inside of the pharynx can be pushed out between two layers of the constrictors; can fill with food, which will rot and present as bad breath;
most common between inferior constrictor and cricopharyngeus

51
Q

Innervation of the pharynx? *there are three sources which converge on the posterior lateral wall as the pharyngeal plexus

A

sensory from CN 9
motor from CN 10 (except stylopharyngeus)
sympathetics from sympathetic chain
*parasympathetics from 10

52
Q

What does the “gag reflex” go IN and OUT on?

A

in on 9, out on 10

53
Q

Components of pharyngeal plexus?

A

CN 9 - sensory
CN 10 - motor to all pharynx muscles (except stylopharyngeus)
Sympathetics
Parasympathetics from 10

54
Q

Which branch of 10 supplies motor to the muscles of the pharynx?

A

pharyngeal branch

55
Q

Where are the contributing fibers of the pharyngeal plexus imbedded?

A

in the buccopharyngeal fascia on the posterior wall of the pharynx

56
Q

What are two other notable motor branches of CN 10?

A

superior laryngeal *internal and external branch

recurrent laryngeal

57
Q

5 components of CN 9

A 
GSA
general visceral efferent (visceromotor)
special visceral afferent (taste)
general visceral afferent (viscerosense)
branchiomotor
58
Q

If you place food on the anterior tongue and it causes salivation, what reflex is this? In on ? Out on ?

A

In on 7 (for anterior tongue); out on 7 or 9 for submandibular/sublingual and parotid glands, respectively

59
Q

What does the superior laryngeal nerve off of the Vagus supply?

A

taste to the epiglottis *internal branch)
somatosensory to the lining of the larynx (above vocal cords) *internal branch
motor to cricothyroid muscle *external branch

60
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal nerve off of the Vagus supply?

A

somatosensory to lining of larynx (below vocal cords)

motor to all laryngeal muscles except cricothyorid

61
Q

After exiting the jugular foramen, CN 10 gives of a small sensory branch to the (blank). It also gives of motor innervation to the muscles of the (blank) and (blank)

A 
external ear (auricular branch);
pharynx and soft palate *except stylopharyngeus (CN 9) and tensor veli palatini (CN V1)
62
Q

The motor nucleus of 10 sends preganglionic parasympathetics to what?

A

ganglia in heart, thorax, abdomen

63
Q

What notable things lie around nucleus ambiguus?

A

anterolateral tract *ascending all the way up
inferior salivatory nucleus
descending input to preganglionic parasympathetics

64
Q

Where does info coming in on CN 10 for taste from epiglottis and GVA from thorax and abdomen enter?

A

nucleus solitarius *rostral and caudal respectively

65
Q

Where does info coming in on CN 10 for GSA from the ear and lower pharynx enter?

A

spinal nucleus of 5

66
Q

Has no body just a large neural arch and is the widest because of articulation with skull

A

atlas

67
Q

The body of the axis extends superiorly into the atlas

This extension is called the (blank) or odontoid process

A

dens

68
Q

Is there rotation at the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

no; only flexion and extension

69
Q

The transverse portion of the cruciform ligament holds the dens tightly against the (blank) arch of the atlas

A

anterior

70
Q

What can happen if you tear the transverse cruciform ligament?

A

the dens can move posteriorly and damage the cervical spinal cord

71
Q

Does the atlanto-axial joint allow for rotation?

A

yes; but no flexion or extension

72
Q

What innervates the prevertebral muscles?

What innervates the true back muscles?

A

ventral rami of spinal nerves;

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

73
Q

What does the SCM attach to?

What action does it have?

A

mastoid process and clavicle;

flexes neck from C1 to C7, but extends at the atlanto-occipital joint *think of a lineman

Block 5 Week 4 Meg (7 decks)

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