Side Effects

Question 1

Which drug has side effects of ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and red man syndrome?

Answer 1

Vancomycin

Question 2

What are the side effects of penicillins?

Answer 2

diarrhea hypersensitivity reactions

Question 3

What are the contraindications and cautions of aminopenicillins?

Answer 3

contra in pt allergic to PCN, caution in pt with GI disease or renal/liver impairment

Question 4

What are the side effects of cephalosporins?

Answer 4

diarrhea and hypersensitivity reactions

Question 5

What are contraindications of cautions of cephalosporins?

Answer 5

contra in pt allergic to PCN (1st and 2nd gen), caution with GI disease and renal/liver impairment

Question 6

What are adverse effects of topical aminoglycosides?

Answer 6

allergic contact dermatitis/conjunctivitis and SPK

Question 7

Rank the aminoglycosides according to SPK result

Answer 7

gentamicin>tobramycin>neomycin

Question 8

Which topical aminoglycoside has the worst allergic contact dermatitis risk?

Answer 8

neomycin

Question 9

What are the adverse effects of oral aminoglycosides?

Answer 9

ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, paralysis– rarely prescribed

Question 10

What are the adverse effects of tetracyclines?

Answer 10

phototoxicity, GI, teeth discoloration, hemolytic anemia, benign intracranial hypertension

Question 11

What are contraindications for tetracyclines?

Answer 11

children younger than 16, pregnant or breastfeeding mothers

Question 12

What are cautions for tetracyclines?

Answer 12

caution about sunbathing, caution in patients taking warfarin

Question 13

What are adverse effects for oral macrolides?

Answer 13

hepatic dysfunction, GI, QT prolongation

Question 14

What are macrolide cautions?

Answer 14

hepatic dysfunction, heart disease, elderly

Question 15

Why is linezolid saved as a last resort?

Answer 15

myelosuppression, peripheral and optic neuropathy, serotonin syndrome, elevated blood pressure, hypoglycemia in diabetics

Question 16

What is the contraindication of linezolid?

Answer 16

MAOI therapy

Question 17

What are adverse effects of oral fluoroquinolones?

Answer 17

tendinitis and tendon rupture, hepatotoxicity, GI, CNS effects (convulsions, anxiety, etc)

Question 18

Which fluoroquinolone may cause QT prolongation?

Answer 18

levofloxacin

Question 19

What are the systemic adverse effects of topical FLQs?

Answer 19

none

Question 20

What are cautions of FLQs?

Answer 20

caution younger than 18, liver disease, heart disease

Question 21

What are adverse effects of sulfonamides?

Answer 21

jaundice and kernicterus, GI, hypersensitivity, SJS, myopia

Question 22

What are adverse effects of trimethoprim?

Answer 22

bone marrow depression, GI

Question 23

What are contraindications of bactrim/septra?

Answer 23

sulfa allergies

Question 24

What are cautions of bactrim/septra?

Answer 24

severe allergies, impaired renal or hepatic function, folate deficiency

Question 25

What are adverse effects of trifluridine (Viroptic)?

Answer 25

corneal toxicity, SPK or SPEE, conj edema, hyperemia and redness, delayed wound healing

Question 26

Which preservative is extremely toxic to the eye?

Answer 26

benzalkonium chloride

Question 27

When is Restasis contraindicated?

Answer 27

in active infections

Question 28

What are side effects of Restasis?

Answer 28

burning on instillation

Question 29

What are side effects of Xiidra?

Answer 29

irritation/discomfort, metallic taste, blurry vision on instillation

Question 30

When is Xiidra contraindicated?

Answer 30

never

Question 31

Beware of ___ with systemic hyperosmotics

Answer 31

sulfa allergy

Question 32

What is the caution of glycerin (Osmoglyn)?

Answer 32

caution in diabetics

Question 33

What are systemic side effects of glycerin (Osmoglyn)?

Answer 33

nauseau/vomitting, diuresis, dehydration, HA, confusion, congestive heart failure, renal failure, pulmonary edema

Question 34

What are contraindications of glycerin (Osmoglyn)?

Answer 34

heart disease, kidney disease, pulmonary disease

Question 35

What are side effects of sodium chloride?

Answer 35

burning/stinging!!

Question 36

What are the adverse effects of mast cell stabilizer + antihistamine combos?

Answer 36

burning/stinging, dry eye, HA

Question 37

Which mast cell + antihistamine combos are approved for children 3 and up?

Answer 37

Bepreve, Lastacaft, and Pazeo

Question 38

Which mast cell + antihistamine combo is pregnancy category B?

Answer 38

Lastacaft

Question 39

What are the adverse effects of decongestants?

Answer 39

tachyphylaxis, rebound vasodilation, toxicity, potential for overuse, pupil dilation

Question 40

What is a caution for decongestants?

Answer 40

angle-closure glaucoma or occludable angles

Question 41

What is a contraindication for first generation oral antihistamines?

Answer 41

CNS depressants (ethanol, barbiturates, or valium)

Question 42

What are adverse effects of first generation oral antihistamines?

Answer 42

CNS depression, dizziness, mydriasis, dry eyes and mouth

Question 43

What are adverse effects of second generation oral antihistamines?

Answer 43

minimal CNS effects, minimal anticholinergic activity, mild level of dry eyes

Question 44

What are the adverse effects of topical mast cell stabilizers?

Answer 44

burning, mild HA w/ alocril

Question 45

What are the side effects of acyclovir (zovirax), famcyclovir (famvir) and valcyclovir (valtrex)?

Answer 45

usually none, mild HA or GI possible

Question 46

What are the cautions for oral herpes antivirals?

Answer 46

caution in patients with kidney failure/dialysis

Question 47

What is the contraindication with betadine?

Answer 47

iodine allergy