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ASeg/OPharm > Side Effects > Flashcards

Side Effects Flashcards

1
Q

Which drug has side effects of ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and red man syndrome?

A

Vancomycin

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2
Q

What are the side effects of penicillins?

A

diarrhea hypersensitivity reactions

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3
Q

What are the contraindications and cautions of aminopenicillins?

A

contra in pt allergic to PCN, caution in pt with GI disease or renal/liver impairment

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4
Q

What are the side effects of cephalosporins?

A

diarrhea and hypersensitivity reactions

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5
Q

What are contraindications of cautions of cephalosporins?

A

contra in pt allergic to PCN (1st and 2nd gen), caution with GI disease and renal/liver impairment

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6
Q

What are adverse effects of topical aminoglycosides?

A

allergic contact dermatitis/conjunctivitis and SPK

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7
Q

Rank the aminoglycosides according to SPK result

A

gentamicin>tobramycin>neomycin

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8
Q

Which topical aminoglycoside has the worst allergic contact dermatitis risk?

A

neomycin

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9
Q

What are the adverse effects of oral aminoglycosides?

A

ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, paralysis– rarely prescribed

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10
Q

What are the adverse effects of tetracyclines?

A

phototoxicity, GI, teeth discoloration, hemolytic anemia, benign intracranial hypertension

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11
Q

What are contraindications for tetracyclines?

A

children younger than 16, pregnant or breastfeeding mothers

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12
Q

What are cautions for tetracyclines?

A

caution about sunbathing, caution in patients taking warfarin

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13
Q

What are adverse effects for oral macrolides?

A

hepatic dysfunction, GI, QT prolongation

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14
Q

What are macrolide cautions?

A

hepatic dysfunction, heart disease, elderly

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15
Q

Why is linezolid saved as a last resort?

A

myelosuppression, peripheral and optic neuropathy, serotonin syndrome, elevated blood pressure, hypoglycemia in diabetics

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16
Q

What is the contraindication of linezolid?

A

MAOI therapy

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17
Q

What are adverse effects of oral fluoroquinolones?

A

tendinitis and tendon rupture, hepatotoxicity, GI, CNS effects (convulsions, anxiety, etc)

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18
Q

Which fluoroquinolone may cause QT prolongation?

A

levofloxacin

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19
Q

What are the systemic adverse effects of topical FLQs?

A

none

20
Q

What are cautions of FLQs?

A

caution younger than 18, liver disease, heart disease

21
Q

What are adverse effects of sulfonamides?

A

jaundice and kernicterus, GI, hypersensitivity, SJS, myopia

22
Q

What are adverse effects of trimethoprim?

A

bone marrow depression, GI

23
Q

What are contraindications of bactrim/septra?

A

sulfa allergies

24
Q

What are cautions of bactrim/septra?

A

severe allergies, impaired renal or hepatic function, folate deficiency

25
Q

What are adverse effects of trifluridine (Viroptic)?

A

corneal toxicity, SPK or SPEE, conj edema, hyperemia and redness, delayed wound healing

26
Q

Which preservative is extremely toxic to the eye?

A

benzalkonium chloride

27
Q

When is Restasis contraindicated?

A

in active infections

28
Q

What are side effects of Restasis?

A

burning on instillation

29
Q

What are side effects of Xiidra?

A

irritation/discomfort, metallic taste, blurry vision on instillation

30
Q

When is Xiidra contraindicated?

A

never

31
Q

Beware of ___ with systemic hyperosmotics

A

sulfa allergy

32
Q

What is the caution of glycerin (Osmoglyn)?

A

caution in diabetics

33
Q

What are systemic side effects of glycerin (Osmoglyn)?

A

nauseau/vomitting, diuresis, dehydration, HA, confusion, congestive heart failure, renal failure, pulmonary edema

34
Q

What are contraindications of glycerin (Osmoglyn)?

A

heart disease, kidney disease, pulmonary disease

35
Q

What are side effects of sodium chloride?

A

burning/stinging!!

36
Q

What are the adverse effects of mast cell stabilizer + antihistamine combos?

A

burning/stinging, dry eye, HA

37
Q

Which mast cell + antihistamine combos are approved for children 3 and up?

A

Bepreve, Lastacaft, and Pazeo

38
Q

Which mast cell + antihistamine combo is pregnancy category B?

A

Lastacaft

39
Q

What are the adverse effects of decongestants?

A

tachyphylaxis, rebound vasodilation, toxicity, potential for overuse, pupil dilation

40
Q

What is a caution for decongestants?

A

angle-closure glaucoma or occludable angles

41
Q

What is a contraindication for first generation oral antihistamines?

A

CNS depressants (ethanol, barbiturates, or valium)

42
Q

What are adverse effects of first generation oral antihistamines?

A

CNS depression, dizziness, mydriasis, dry eyes and mouth

43
Q

What are adverse effects of second generation oral antihistamines?

A

minimal CNS effects, minimal anticholinergic activity, mild level of dry eyes

44
Q

What are the adverse effects of topical mast cell stabilizers?

A

burning, mild HA w/ alocril

45
Q

What are the side effects of acyclovir (zovirax), famcyclovir (famvir) and valcyclovir (valtrex)?

A

usually none, mild HA or GI possible

46
Q

What are the cautions for oral herpes antivirals?

A

caution in patients with kidney failure/dialysis

47
Q

What is the contraindication with betadine?

A

iodine allergy

ASeg/OPharm (4 decks)

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