Side effects Flashcards
What are the toxicities associated with gentamicin?
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Risk increased by NSAIDs, vancomycin
Red-man syndrome
What are the toxicities associated with ganciclovir?
Bone marrow toxicity
What are the toxicities associated with cidofovir and foscarnet?
Nephrotoxic
What is the pathogenic of sepsis?
Clotting activation- inadequate organ perfusion and DIC
Oxidative stress
Autonomic NS activation
Increased endothelial permeability- impaired pulmonary function and circulatory compromise
What are the symptoms of Rheumatic fever?
Fever
poly arthritis
carditis
untreated repeat attacks can cause valve damage
What are the symptoms of infective endocarditis?
Fever Lethargy Embolic infection (joints, spine, abscesses) Roth's spots Osler's nodes Murmur Skin lesions
What are the signs of high risk red sepsis?
New altered mental state
Respiratory rate ≥25
Need for oxygen >40% to maintain saturation >92% (>88% in known COPD)
HR ≥130 bpm
Systolic BP ≤90 or ≥40 below normal
Not passed urine in previous 18 hours, or <0.5 of urine per hour if catheterised for ≥2 consecutive hours
Mottled or ashen appearance, cyanosis of skin
Non-blanching rash
Lactate ≥2 or AKI
what side effect do sulphonamides and beta-lactams cause?
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
What side effect do vancomycin, penicillins and sulphonamides cause?
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
What does rifampicin do?
Enzyme induction: increase activity of metabolising enzymes
makes oral contraceptive ineffective
What are the hypersensitivity reactions associated with cephalosporins?
Rash
Eosinophilia
Drug fever
anaphylaxis
What are the GI reactions associated with cephalosporins?
Diarrhoea
Pseudomembranous colitis
What are the haematological reactions associated with cephalosporins?
Anaemia
Leukopenia
Platelet dysfunction
What are the drug reactions associated with quinolones?
theophylline
amiodarone
What are the side effects fo quinolones (ciprofloxacin)?
high risk of C. diff CNS toxicity (lowers seizure threshold) agitation, psychosis Tendon damage Contra-indication in pregnancy and children
What are the adverse drug reactions associated with tetracyclines?
GI disturbance
photosensitivity
dental staining- contra-indicated in pregnancy <12
Hepatotoxicity
What are the adverse drug reactions of chloramphenicol?
bone marrow toxicity
grey baby syndrome
aplastic anemia
What side effect does rifampicin cause?
rash
fever
hepatitis
What toxicities are associated with isoniazid?
hepatitis
peripheral neuropathy
cutaneous hypersensitivity
What toxicities are associated with pyrazinamide?
hepatitis anorexia flushing cutaneous hypersensitivity hyperuricaemia
What toxicity is associated with ethambutol?
optic neuritis
What toxicity is associated with streptomycin?
otoxicity
