Side effects

Question 1

What are the toxicities associated with gentamicin?

Answer 1

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Risk increased by NSAIDs, vancomycin
Red-man syndrome

Question 2

What are the toxicities associated with ganciclovir?

Answer 2

Bone marrow toxicity

Question 3

What are the toxicities associated with cidofovir and foscarnet?

Answer 3

Nephrotoxic

Question 4

What is the pathogenic of sepsis?

Answer 4

Clotting activation- inadequate organ perfusion and DIC
Oxidative stress
Autonomic NS activation
Increased endothelial permeability- impaired pulmonary function and circulatory compromise

Question 5

What are the symptoms of Rheumatic fever?

Answer 5

Fever
poly arthritis
carditis
untreated repeat attacks can cause valve damage

Question 6

What are the symptoms of infective endocarditis?

Answer 6

Fever
Lethargy
Embolic infection (joints, spine, abscesses)
Roth's spots
Osler's nodes
Murmur
Skin lesions

Question 7

What are the signs of high risk red sepsis?

Answer 7

New altered mental state
Respiratory rate ≥25
Need for oxygen >40% to maintain saturation >92% (>88% in known COPD)
HR ≥130 bpm
Systolic BP ≤90 or ≥40 below normal
Not passed urine in previous 18 hours, or <0.5 of urine per hour if catheterised for ≥2 consecutive hours
Mottled or ashen appearance, cyanosis of skin
Non-blanching rash
Lactate ≥2 or AKI

Question 8

what side effect do sulphonamides and beta-lactams cause?

Answer 8

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Question 9

What side effect do vancomycin, penicillins and sulphonamides cause?

Answer 9

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Question 10

What does rifampicin do?

Answer 10

Enzyme induction: increase activity of metabolising enzymes

makes oral contraceptive ineffective

Question 11

What are the hypersensitivity reactions associated with cephalosporins?

Answer 11

Rash
Eosinophilia
Drug fever
anaphylaxis

Question 12

What are the GI reactions associated with cephalosporins?

Answer 12

Diarrhoea

Pseudomembranous colitis

Question 13

What are the haematological reactions associated with cephalosporins?

Answer 13

Anaemia
Leukopenia
Platelet dysfunction

Question 14

What are the drug reactions associated with quinolones?

Answer 14

theophylline

amiodarone

Question 15

What are the side effects fo quinolones (ciprofloxacin)?

Answer 15

high risk of C. diff
CNS toxicity (lowers seizure threshold)
agitation, psychosis
Tendon damage
Contra-indication in pregnancy and children

Question 16

What are the adverse drug reactions associated with tetracyclines?

Answer 16

GI disturbance
photosensitivity
dental staining- contra-indicated in pregnancy <12
Hepatotoxicity

Question 17

What are the adverse drug reactions of chloramphenicol?

Answer 17

bone marrow toxicity
grey baby syndrome
aplastic anemia

Question 18

What side effect does rifampicin cause?

Answer 18

rash
fever
hepatitis

Question 19

What toxicities are associated with isoniazid?

Answer 19

hepatitis
peripheral neuropathy
cutaneous hypersensitivity

Question 20

What toxicities are associated with pyrazinamide?

Answer 20

hepatitis
anorexia
flushing
cutaneous hypersensitivity
hyperuricaemia

Question 21

What toxicity is associated with ethambutol?

Answer 21

optic neuritis

Question 22

What toxicity is associated with streptomycin?

Answer 22

otoxicity