Antibiotics Flashcards
Which antibiotics are used to treat sepsis?
Tazocin
(piperacillin/tazobactam)
Rifampicin + vancomycin
(gram negative cover)
Which antibiotics are used to treat endocarditis?
Vancomycin
Penicillin G
Ampicillin
Gentamicin
Which antibiotics are used to treat malaria?
Mefloquine
Doxycycline
atovaquone
malarone
Which antibiotics are used to treat lower tract UTIs?
Nitrofurantoin pivmecillinam Fosfomycin Oral cephalosporins Co-amoxiclav Trimethoprim, Amoxicillin (resistance)
Which antibiotics are used to treat upper tract UTIs?
iv Tazocin
iv Gentamicin
Oral ciprofloxacin
Which antibiotics are used to treat candida infections?
Nystatin (mouth)
Azoles- canestan (thrush)
Which antibiotics are used to treat Traveller’s diarrhoea?
Ciprofloxacin (bacterial)
Metronidazole (parasites)
Nitazoxanide (cryptosporidium)
Which antibiotics are used to treat syphillis?
Benzathine penicillin G (one dose) Procaine penicillin (14 days) Doxycycline (allergic 15 days) Tertiary- Benzathine penicillin weekly x3 or doxycycline 28 days
Which antibiotics are used to treat Haemophilus ducreyi?
Azithromycin
Ceftriaxone
Which antibiotics are used to treat N. gonorrhoea?
Ceftriaxone + azithromycin
Resistance- etrapenem + doxycycline for 7 days
What are the antivirals used for HIV?
2 NRTIs+NNRTI or ritonavir boosted Pi or an INSTI
tenofovir, abacavir + rilpiravirine
or Kaletra (lopinavir + ritonavir)
or raltegravir
Which antibiotics are used to treat C. diff?
Oral vancomycin
Oral fidaxomicin
Which antibiotics are used to treat low-severity CAP?
Amoxicillin for 5 days or doxycycline
iv amoxicillin or iv cefuroxime if mild penicillin allergy
ciprofloxacin + vancomycin for severe penicillin allergy
Which antibiotics are used to treat moderate severity CAP?
Amoxicillin + clarithromycin for 7 days or doxycycline
iv benzylpenicillin + clarithromycin
or iv cefuroxime if mild penicillin allergy
ciprofloxacin + vancomycin if severe penicillin allergy
Which antibiotics are used to treat severe CAP?
Co-amoxiclav + clarithromycin for 10 days
levofloxacin + vancomycin (penicillin allergy or likely to be MRSA)
Extend to 14-21 days for legionella, staph or gram negative pneumonia
Which antibiotics are used to treat pathogens not as commonly associated with CAP?
H. Influenzae (oseltamivir)
M. pneumoniae (levofloxacin)
L. pneumoniae (quinolones + rifampicin)
Which antibiotics are used to treat TB?
Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol for 4 months
Then rifampicin + isoniazid for 2 months
Which antibiotics are used to treat common skin infections?
S. aureus- flucloxacillin/co-amoxiclav
S. pyogenes- penicillins (fluoxacillin)
Both- erythromycin, clindamycin, cefuroxime, vancomycin
Which antibiotics are used to treat septic arthritis?
S. aureus- flucloxacillin (vancomycin if MRSA)
Strep. pyogenes- benzylpenicillin
Which antibiotics are used to treat bacterial meningitis?
Cephalosporins- cefotaxime/ceftriaxone (except listeria) (for unknown > 2 months add amoxicillin)
Chloramphenicol- Hib (allergies)
Benzylpenicillin- N. meningitidis + S. pneumoniae (vancomycin resistant strain) + unknown < 2 months (gentamicin)
Which antivirals are used to treat cytomegalovirus?
Ganciclovir
Cidofovir
Foscarnet
Which antivirals are used to treat influenza?
Amantadine
NA inhibitors: zanamivir/oseltamivir
What treatment is used for tinea pedis?
Topical terbinafine (laminal) Topical clotrimazole (canesten)
What treatment is used for tinea corporis?
Topical clotrimazole
What treatment is used for pityriasis versicoloured?
Topical clotrimazole
What treatment is used for onychomycosis?
Topical ro systemic clotrimazole
What treatment is used for oral thrush?
Topical nysatin
Topical amphotericin
Oral flucanazole
What treatment is used for candidiasis?
Amphotericin B
Fluconazole
Caspofungin
Micafungin
What treatment is used for Aspergillosis?
Amphotericin B
Itraconazole
Voriconazole
Caspofungin
What treatment is used for cryptococcus?
Amphotericin B
5 flucytosine
What treatment is used for endemic mycoses?
Amphotericin B
Itraconazole
What is used to treat P. Falciparum?
Artemisinin derivatives (lumefantrine/amodiaquine/piperaquine/primaquine) Quinine + doxycycline or clindamycin Atovaquone + proguanil
What is used to treat P. vivid, P. vale and P malariae?
Chloroquine
Primaquine
Tefaneoquine
What is used to treat African trypanosomiasis?
Fexindazole
What is used to treat Leishmaniasis?
Sodium stibogluconate
Amphotericin B- iv
Miltefosine- oral
What is used to treat intestinal nematodes?
Mebendazole
Albendazole
What is used to treat Onchocerciasis?
2 doses of ivermectin 6 months apart, repeated every 3 years
What is used to treat Hepatitis C?
Peginterferon-a and ribavirin
What is used to treat chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)?
Interferon-y
