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G9 PHYSics > sics > Flashcards

sics Flashcards

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Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

things have energy if,

A

They have the ability to do work

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2
Q

Unit of energy

A

Joules (J)

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3
Q

Forms of energy

A

Types of energy (chemical, mechincal, potential, etc)

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4
Q

Source of energy

A

Where is the energy being acquired from (sun, battery, motion, etc)

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5
Q

Internal Energy

A

Total Kinetic and Potential energy of all molecules in a material. Microscopic and within a body

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6
Q

The hotter the body the _____ the internal energy

A

Greater

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7
Q

Thermal energy

A

Form of energy which is always in motion from a body at higher temp to a body at a lower temp

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8
Q

Heat energy converts to what when a body absorbs it

A

Internal energy and NOT HEAT ENERGY

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9
Q

How does thermal energy affect a particles KE and PE

A

Increase in speed (KE) and change in state of matter (PE)

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10
Q

Mechanical energy

A

Energy an object possess due to its motion or position

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11
Q

2 main types of mechanical energy

A

Kinetic and Potential

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12
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy which is possessed by moving objects

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13
Q

Kinetic energy can also be expressed as

A

Amount fo work done

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14
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy stored in am object due to change in position, shape or state of matter

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15
Q

Conservative force

A

Force where the work done does not depend on the path travelled by the body

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16
Q

Types of forces of conservative forces (examples)

A

Electrostatsic
Restoring
Gravitational force

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17
Q

2 main types of PE

A

Gravitational PE and Elastic PE

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18
Q

Real life application of conservative force

A

Moving upwards and moving sideways

Moving sideways takes into consideration the conditions of path tarveling

whereas moving upwards doesnt require focus on the path taken rather its dependant on work done

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19
Q

2 types of energy sources

A

Primary and secondary

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20
Q

Primary source

A

Natural source, no processing or refind, energy must occur naturally in the source

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21
Q

eg of primary source

A

thermal energy, chemical energy, nucluer energy

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22
Q

secondary source

A

Artificially manufactured and has to be created by humans, useful transformations of the primary sources into energy

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23
Q

renewable energy source

A

Easily replenished
Generated from natural sources
Less harmful to nature
Won’t run out
Little to no waste
Dependant on weather
Installation cost is super high, but maintenance is cheaper
Has a replenishment rate which humans do not follow

24
Q

Eg of renewable energy

A

Solar energy, hydroelectric energy

25
Q

Non renewable energy sources

A

Cant be easily replenished
Harmful to the environment
Amount of energy generated is very high compared to renewable
Found in abundance
Construction of power plants is very easy

26
Q

eg of non-renwable sources

A

Fossil Fuels, Nuclear Energy

27
Q

Law of conservation of energy

A

energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can only be transformed from one form to another

28
Q

Whenever there is an energy transformation

A

There will always be energy degradation

29
Q

Energy degradation

A

Useful energy is transformed into a useless form of energy. The total amount of energy remains the same, but it is just in different forms of energy

30
Q

Example of energy degradation

A

Ball Bouncing, each time a ball bounces, it loses some of its kinetic energy is sound and heat and hence its height decreases w/ each bounce

Light bullb - Not all Electrical energy is converted into light, some is converted into sound, heat energy

31
Q

Energy efficiency of an object is represented using

A

Sankey Diagrams

32
Q

Gases which absorb IRR and are essential to existence

A

Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Water vapour
Nitrous oxide

33
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

Gasses which absorb IRR with higher wavelengths can’t retain them forever and eventually, they release them into the atmosphere. This increase global temp and causes global warming

34
Q

Advanced GH effect

A

Increased methane and carbon dioxide which traps more heat and increase global temp even more

35
Q

Temperature

A

Measure of the average random kinetic energy of particles in a system

36
Q

Random KE

A

No fixed direction, speed or velocity of motion

37
Q

Heat energy is proportional to

A

Mass and change in temp

38
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

Amount of heat energy required to change the temp of 1kg of substance by 1 degree celsius

39
Q

Melting point

A

Constant temp at which a solid completely transforms into the liquid state

40
Q

Boiling Point

A

Constant temp at which a liquid completely transforms into the gaseous state

41
Q

Latent Heat

A

Amount of heat energy required to convert 1kg of substance from one state to another

42
Q

Latent heat of fusion

A

Amount of heat energy required to convert 1kg of solid to liquid state at a constant temp

43
Q

Latent heat of vaporisation

A

Amount of heat energy required to convert 1 kg of liquid to gaseous state completely at a constant temp

44
Q

Scale of temp

A

Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit

45
Q

Conduction

A

Heat transfer mechanism in which the particles vibrate vigoursly and collide with neighbouring particles. They do not get displaced and remain in their position
Includes direct physical contact

46
Q

Which substances is conduction used for with example

A

For solids

eg - metal pot warming when placed over gas stove

47
Q

Convection

A

Heat transfer mechanism in which the particles of a substance get displaced from their positions

Based on density of fluids as they move away from heat source (expanding) but carrying the heat and kinetic energy with them into a cooler temperature changing the temp of the new area

48
Q

Which substance is convection used for with example

A

Fluids (Gas + liquid)

Eg - Hot air from heater warming your room and cold air from ac cooling your room

49
Q

Radiation

A

Heat transfer mechanism which requires no medium for heat transfer. Heat is transferred in the form of electromagnetic waves

50
Q

Example of radiation

A

Sun warming your skin on a sunny day

51
Q

Radiation is emitted by ___

A

all objects above absolute 0 and consist mostly of infra red radiations

52
Q

Consequences of Heat Transfer

A

Expansion/Contraction of materials when heated or cooled
Heat transfer can cause substances to change phases such as melting, freezing or vaporisation
Heat transfer can initiate or accelerate chemical reactions by providing the required activation energy

53
Q

Why do building in some hot countries painited white?

A

Buildings make use of radiation and conduction to absorb sunlight. The concrete and bricks absorb the sunlight inwards and heat the interior and exteriors of the bulding causing it get warmer. Buildings in hot countries are usually painted white as white surfaces reflect more sunlight and abrob less heat compared to darker surfaces

54
Q

Thermal expansion

A

The tendency of materials to expand or contract in response to changes in temperature

55
Q

Application of thermal expansion

A
  1. Engineering Structures - Thermal expansion is used in designing structures like bridges and railways to keep in mind its expansion during summer and prevent damage to the structure
  2. Thermometer - These are programmed in such a way so that with an increase in temperature, the mercury inside goes up and lessens with a decrease in temperature
56
Q

How to define a good conductor and bad conductor with example

A

Good conductors have free moving electrons which allow for transmission fo kinetic energy from one moleucule to another, eg = solids and metals

Bad conductors dont have free moving electrons which doesnt allow for heat transfer between them, eg = liquids like water

G9 PHYSics (3 decks)

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