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phy Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Motion

A

An object is in motion if it changes position with respect to time and with respect to a reference point

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2
Q

Define Displacement

A

The shortest possible path from one point to another in a specific direction

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3
Q

Define density

A

Amount of Mass present per unit volume

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4
Q

How do forces influence the motion of an object?

A

Forces cause changes in the state of motion, either by initiating movement, altering speed, or changing direction.

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5
Q

Define speed

A

Ratio of total distance traveled by an object and the total time taken

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6
Q

Is speed scalar or vector?

A

Scalar

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7
Q

Define Instantaneous speed

A

Distance travelled by a body in a very short interval of time

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8
Q

Define Velocity and state what type of quantity is it

A

Displacement of a body in unit time or the rate at which displacement occurs, a vector quantity

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9
Q

Define acceleration

A

Change in velocity of the body in unit time

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10
Q

How does a distance-time graph depict an object’s speed

A

the object’s speed is shown by the slope - steeper slopes indicate higher speeds

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11
Q

In what ways does a speed-time graph illustrate an object’s acceleration or deceleration, and how is it connected to changes in speed?

A

A speed-time graph illustrates an object’s acceleration or deceleration; a straight line denotes constant acceleration, while a curve indicates changing acceleration

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12
Q

Explain how an acceleration-time graph displays changes in an object’s speed and the relationship between acceleration and motion.

A

An acceleration-time graph displays changes in an object’s speed. a horizontal line represents constant acceleration, while slopes indicate changes in acceleration.

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13
Q

What is terminal Velocity/Speed

A

A constant velocity with which a body falls down under the influence of gravitational force and fluid resistance

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14
Q

Explain the role of friction in the context of motion.

A

Friction opposes motion, affecting an object’s speed, causing heat, and enabling control in various applications.

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15
Q

If there is no applied force acting on a body, the frictional force will be

A

ZERO

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16
Q

Frictional force will continue to increase with increase in

A

applied force

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17
Q

What role does air resistance play in the motion of objects?

A

Air resistance prevents the motion of objects through the air, affecting their speed and trajectory.

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18
Q

Value of frictional force =

A

Value of applied force

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19
Q

What is normal reaction?

A

Force acting on a body when its present on top of a surface. Does not exist if the body is not present on a surface

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20
Q

What is gravitational force?

A

Gravitational force is the attraction between objects with mass, pulling them toward each other.

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21
Q

What is a restoring force?

A

Force developed within any material which is elastic in nature and that always acts to pull a body back toward equilibrium

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22
Q

What is mass equilibrium?

A

Point where spring force and gravitational force is the same

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23
Q

Limit of proportionality

A

the highest stress at which the stress-strain curve is a straight line

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24
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

Within the elastic limit, the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement of the body, from its equilibrium position.

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25
Q

What is tension

A

Force which is transmitted through a rope, chain, wire when pulled by forces acting on opposite sides

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26
Q

Hooke’s Law equation

A

F = -kx (F = restoring force, -k = Spring constant, x = Displacement from equilibrium position)

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27
Q

What is static friction?

A

Friction that acts on objects that are at rest. Increases with applied force and has a max possible vlaue

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28
Q

What is dynamic friction?

A

present between two objects which are in relative motion. this value is less than static friciton.

29
Q

Why does firction exist?

A

Irregularities between the objects and surface. There is oging to be an interlock

30
Q

dynamic friction is also known as

A

Kinetic friction

31
Q

Why does the statsic friction drop after reaching limiting friction when force is applied?

A

No more irregularities between the surfaces and objects causing it to move

32
Q

Increase in mass = what happnes to firction

A

Increase in friction. Hence a greater limiting and dyanmic friction

33
Q

What is the max possible value of static friction called?

A

Limiting Friction, when the applied force exceeds this value, the body starts to move.

34
Q

What is Net force and what type of quantity is it

A

Total force excerted on a body, Vector quantity

35
Q

What is momentum. Unit and type of wuantity

A

Product of Mass and Velocity, vector quantity, SI unit - kgms^-1

36
Q

What is the law of inertia or Newton’s first law

A

A body continues to remain in a state of rest or in a state of motion until & unless an external force acts on it

37
Q

What is Newton’s second law

A

The net force acting on a body is directly proportinal to the rate of change in momentum

38
Q

What is Newton’s third law

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction if action is on one body, the reaction will be on the other

39
Q

what is the law of conservation of momentum?

A

For an isolated system of objects, the momentum before collision is equal to the total after the collision

40
Q

How does the law of conservation of momentum apply to road collisions?

A

In collisions, total momentum before and after impact remains constant unless external forces act in it.

41
Q

Explain Inealstic collisions with car accidents

A

Car crashes are an example of inelastic collisions, if you add the masses and their vector velocities together, you can predicit what will happen after the collision

42
Q

What happens to the KE after a car accidents

A

KE is not conserved, turned into sound, heat and internal energy

43
Q

What is a force

A

Described as a push and pull on an object interacting with another object

44
Q

Effect of force on an object

A
  1. Start or end motion
  2. Change an object’s shape/size
45
Q

5 main types of forces

A
  1. Gravitational Force
  2. Normal Reaction
  3. Spring/Restoring Force
  4. Friction
  5. Tension
46
Q

Explain the concept of moments concerning levers.

A

levers depend on the force applied and the distance from the pivot point. direction of movement is based on the points from which the input and output forces are being exerted

47
Q

Define moments in physics

A

The rotational turning effect caused by a force on a body on its axis on a pivot point

48
Q

What is a pivot

A

the point at which the lever is supported and around which it rotates

49
Q

To get the biggest moment possible, what 2 things could you do?

A
  1. Increase the distance from the pivot
  2. Increase force applied
50
Q

If the input & output force are on different sides of the pivot, then they will act in which direction?

A

different directions to each other

51
Q

If the input & output force are on the same sides of the pivot, then they will act in which direction

A

same direction to each other

52
Q

What is torque

A

Measurement of the force which causes something to rotate around a pivot

53
Q

What is Impulse

A

Change in momentum

54
Q

Define the centre of mass and its significance in physics.

A

The centre of mass is the point where the mass of an object is concentrated, which helps predict the motion of the object

55
Q

How is pressure defined and calculated in a physics context?

A

pressure is the perpendicular force present per unit area

calculated by a ratio perpendicular force (F) over an area of cross-section (A)

56
Q

Pressure and area are what type of relationship

A

inversely related (pressure increases, area decreases)

57
Q

What is the relationship between work, power, and efficiency in physics?

A

Work is said to be done if a force displaces an object in the direction of the force applie,d
power measures the rate at which work is done,
efficiency measures how effectively work is performed by finding the useful energy output from the total energy input

58
Q

What is collisions

A

2 objects are said to collide with each other if there is a change in the state of motion of one object because of the other

59
Q

What are the seven fundamental physical quantities in the International System of Units (SI)?

A

length,
mass,
time,
electric current,
temperature,
amount of substance, luminous intensity.

60
Q

Why are fundamental physical quantities crucial in physics?

A

Fundamental physical quantities form the basis for measuring and describing all other physical phenomena in the universe.

61
Q

Explain the concept of derived physical quantities with an example.

A

Derived quantities are defined by combinations of fundamental quantities, like speed (distance divided by time) or acceleration (change in velocity divided by time).

62
Q

Differentiate between vector and scalar quantities.

A

Vector quantities have both magnitude and direction (e.g., velocity), while scalar quantities possess only magnitude (e.g., speed).

63
Q

How are vector quantities represented in physics?

A

Vectors are typically represented by arrows, with length indicating magnitude and direction indicating the physical direction.

64
Q

Provide examples of scalar quantities that are frequently encountered in everyday life.

A

Time, mass, temperature, and speed are common scalar quantities as they have magnitudes but no specific direction associated with them.

65
Q

What is Buoyant force?

A

The net force acting on a body due to the difference between the upward and downward pressure

66
Q

What is fluid pressure?

A

The pressure exerted by a fluid in an object inside the fluid

67
Q

What was the Archimedes principle?

A

The buoyant force applied by the fluid is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid

68
Q

What is density, what is the unit and what formula to calculate it

A

Amount of mass present per unit volume

P = Mass/Volume

Unit = kgms^-3

69
Q

Fluid resistance

A

Fluid resistance is the force that a fluid exerts on a moving object in the opposite direction to the movement. It’s also known as drag

G9 PHYSics (3 decks)

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