sick Flashcards
Substance used to kill insect larvae
Larvicide
A phase of somatic death lasting from 5-6 minutes during which life may be restored.
CLINICAL DEATH
The formation of cavities in an organ or tissue; frequently seen in some forms of tuberculosis
Cavitation
Antemortem necrosis Interland infected by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus. The most common ideologic agent being Clostridium perfringens
Gas gangrene
The surroundings, conditions, or influences that affect an organism or the cells within an organism
Environment
Discoloration of the body outside the blood vascular system, for example ecchymosis or Postmortem stain
Extravascular blood discoloration
The enlargement of an organ or part due to the increase in size of cells composing it
Hypertrophy
A change in the form or state of matter without any change in chemical composition.
POSTMORTEM PHYSICAL CHANGES
Manifestation of death in the body.
SIGN OF DEATH
Piercing mucous membranes or the skin barrier through such events as needlesticks, human bites, cuts and abrasions.
PARENTERAL
Uneven heartbeat
Arrhythmia
Inflammation of the peritoneum, the membranous coat lining the abdominal cavity and investing the viscera.
PERITONITIS
Presents itself after birth
Acquired
One liable to death, a mortal
Deathling
To remove by cutting out
Excise
A dead human body, in a body of water, which is generated sufficient decomposition gases to float to the surface of the water facedown
Floater
An injury caused by a blow without lacerationA.k.a. contusionA.k.a. Bruise
Ecchymosis
Antemortem and/or postmortem settling of blood and/or other fluids to the dependent portions of the body
Hypostasis
Antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin.
PETECHIA
Decomposition of proteins by enzymes of aerobic bacteria
Decay
Death brought about by a cessation of respiration or improper functioning of the respiratory apparatus; one of the three modes of death as described by Bichat
Apnea
A wasting, decrease in size of an organ or tissue
Atrophy
A condition of skin puckering caused by the contraction of the erector pili
Cutis Anseria
A disease of the central nervous system with unknown etiology assumed to be a slow virus; because of unknown etiology, caregivers using invasive procedures use extreme caution
Creutzfeld-Jacob disease
The state or condition in which the body or a part of it is invaded by a pathogenic agent that, under favorable conditions, multiplies and produces injurious effects
Infection
A foreign substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies that react specifically with it
Antigen
Decrease in body temperature immediately before death.
AGONAL ALGOR
Reduction in arterial blood supply
Ischemia
A chronic or acute disease of unregulated clonal proliferation of the stem cells of the blood forming tissues; residential cells eventually replaced by tumor cells
Leukemia
MicroorganismA minute one celled form of life not distinguishable as to vegetable or animal Nature.
Microbe
an open sore or lesion of skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue
ULCER
An agonal or postmortem redistribution of host microflora on a hostwide basis.
TRANSLOCATION
a poisonous substance of plant, animal, bacterial or fungal origin.
TOXIN
Increase in body temperature immediately before death.
AGONAL FEVER
Pathological death of a tissue still a part of the living organism
Necrosis
Skin slipSloughing off of the epidermis, wherein there is a separation of epidermis from the underlying dermis
Desquamation
State of being twisted or pushed out of natural shape or position
Distortion
Type of retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Human immunodeficiency virus
A condition in which the vital signs of life are feebly maintained and there is a waxy rigidity of the body.
CATALEPSY
The movement of blood from the heart and arteries into the capillaries and veins, which occurs at the moment of death.
ARTICULO-MORTIS
Localized abnormal dilation or out pocketing of a blood vessel resulting from a congenital defect or a weakness of the vessel wall
Aneurysm
Removal of the eye for tissue transplantation, research, and education
Eye Enucleation
A condition which occurs in dead bodies when exposed to temperatures near or below the freezing point, thus causing the tissues to become firm and rigid.
COLD STIFFENING
Unchecked putrefaction eventually results in a complete breakdown and disappearance of all body structures, except the bones
Disintegration
A disease with a more or less rapid and short duration
Acute
Death of the individual cells of the body.
CELLULAR DEATH
State of stretching out or becoming inflatedA.k.a. swelling
Distention
General inflammation of the skin
Dermatitis
A change in the body’s chemical composition thatoccurs after death such as hemolysis.
CHEMICAL POSTMORTEM CHANGE
Enzymes which function outside of the bacterial cell wall
Exoenzyme
The immediate stiffening of the muscles of a dead human body aka cadaveric spasm.
INSTANTANEOUS RIGOR MORTIS
Discolorations resulting from the changes in blood composition, content, or location, either intravascularly or extravascularly
Blood discoloration
An invagination of an upper segment of intestine within a lower segment.
AGONAL INTUSSUSCEPTION
Antemortem injuries resulting from friction of the skin against a firm object resulting in the removal of the epidermis
Abrasion
And acute infectious disease characterized by the formation of a false membrane on any mucous surface
Diphtheria
A severe skin irritation due to prolonged exposure to formaldehyde or other embalming chemicals
Embalmer’s eczema
An organic catalyst produced by living cells and capable of Autolytic decomposition.
Enzyme
Acute, deep-seated inflammation in the skin which usually begins as a subcutaneous swelling in a hair follicle.A.k.a. Boil
Furuncle
Destruction of cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues; seared, charred.
THIRD DEGREE BURNS
Capable of producing disease.
PATHOGENIC
Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained
Exsanguination
Death of the organism as a whole.
SOMATIC DEATH
Discharge of red blood cells in the urine
Hematuria
A material which can trigger an allergic reaction
Allergen
Chemical agents capable of destroying, and/or inhibiting the growth of saprophytic or pathogenic fungi, including molds
Fungicide
The formation of an area of necrosis in a tissue caused by obstruction in the artery supplying the area
Infarction
Antemortem, physiological death of the cells of the body followed by their replacement. Most cells in the body are completely replaced every 14 years
Necrobiosis
reduction in arterial blood supply
ISCHEMIA
Bacteria that derive their nutrition from dead organic matter.
SAPROPHYTIC BACTERIA
general term used to denote any prolonged inhalation of mineral dust
PNEUMOCONIOSIS
Effected through unbroken skin.
PERCUTANEOUS
Weight applied to a surface
External pressure
The term applied to a number of pathological conditions causing a thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries
Arteriosclerosis
A condition in which the muscles become rigidly fixed, the body becomes pale and cold, pulse and respiration are feeble
Death trance
The bodies own digestive enzymes that are capable of destroying body cells (Autolytic decomposition)
Autolytic enzyme
The removal of an entire mass or part, especially a tumor or the eyeball, without rupture
Enucleation
Dead at birth; a product of conception either expelled or extracted dead
STILLBORN
The application of chemical reagents in the treatment of disease in humans, causing an elevated preservation demand.
Chemotherapy
Absorption of the fluid portion of blood by the tissues after death resulting in postmortem Edema
Imbibition
Dry gangrene
Ischemic Necrosis
Infection acquired in a hospital.
NOSOCOMIAL
Self-destruction of cells; decomposition of all tissues by enzymes of their own formation without microbial assistance
Autolysis
A buzzing or ringing in the ears.
TINNITUS
Abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pericardial sac
Hydropericardium
Changes which are not primarily responsible for alterations in the chemical composition and properties of the body substances.
PHYSICAL POSTMORTEM CHANGES
Extravasation of blood as a result of Eye nucleation
Eye enucleation discoloration
Inflammation of the liver. It may be caused by a variety of agents including viral infections, bacterial invasion, and physical or chemical agents. It is usually accompanied by fever, jaundice, and an enlarged liver
Hepatitis
Abnormal accumulation of fluids in a saclike structure, especially the scrotal sac
Hydrocele
Under development of a tissue, organ, or the body
Hypoplasia
A condition, which occurs after rigor mortis has left the body where the muscles of the body return to a state of limpness and flaccidity.
SECONDARY FLACCIDITY
Spread by contaminated blood or bodily fluids
Hepatitis CHCV
Drug-induced edema wherein the excess fluid is located within the cell. Upon palpation, there is no noticeable depression.
SOLID EDEMA
a microbe that can only survive in the absence of free oxygen.
STRICT (OBLIGATE) ANAEROBE
A prolongation of the last violent contraction of the muscles into the rigidity of death aka instantaneous rigor mortis.
CADAVERIC SPASM
Pathologic state, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the blood or other tissues.
SEPSIS
A general term The solidification of a sol into a gelatinous mass. Agglutination is a specific form of coagulation.
TISSUE COAGULATION
The pressure exerted by the blood in the living body on the arterial wall measured in millimeters of mercury
Blood pressure
Anaerobic, saprophytic, spore forming bacterium responsible for tissue gas. Referred to as a gas Bacillus
Clostridium perfringens
General deterioration of the body; a state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting. It may occur in many chronic diseases as certain malignancies and advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. [wasting syndrome]
Cachexia
Small elevation of the skin with an inflamed base, containing pus.
PUSTULE
Characterized by a high fever, causing dehydration of the body
Febrile
The diminished, or lowered, coagulability of blood
Hypinosis
Death brought about by a cessation of cardiac activity, or a failure of heart action, one of three modes of death as described by Bichat.
SYNCOPE
To remove by cutting out; the area from which something has been cut out
Excision
A brown to black band of discolored sclera of the eye. Created by the postmortem drying of the sclera by the air.
TACHE NOIRE
Any change in structure produced during the course of a disease or injury
Lesion
Liquid product of inflammation containing various proteins and leukocytes.
PUS
JaundiceConditions characterized by excessive concentrations of bilirubin in the skin and tissues and deposition of excessive bile pigment in the skin, cornea, body fluids, and mucous membranes with the resulting yellow appearance of the patient
Icterus
ObesityHaving an abnormal amount of fat on the body
Corpulence
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus. Bacterial, resistant to most drugs. The causative agent of bedsores, surgical wound infections, skin and nose infections, and pneumonia
MRSA
Lesions of the mucous membrane of the lip or mouth usually caused by herpes simplex type 1
Fever blisters
Weakness in the extremities due to damage or degeneration of the peripheral nerves.
PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
Any deviation from or interruption of the normal structure or function of a body part, organ, or system
Disease
The reaction of the tissues to injurious agents, usually characterized by heat, redness, swelling, and pain.
Inflammation
Crackling sensation produced when gases trapped in tissues are palpatedSubcutaneous emphysema
Crepitation
Antemortem discoloration that occurs during the course of certain diseases; gangrene and jaundice.
PATHOLOGICAL DISCOLORATION
Escape of blood serum from an intravascular to an extravascular location immediately before death.
AGONAL EDEMA
Difficult or painful breathing
Dyspnea
the formation or presence of an attached blood clot.
THROMBOSIS
Circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissue that ends in suppuration and is accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever and leukocytosis; several communicating boils of the skin and subcutaneous tissues with the production and discharge of pus and dead tissue
Carbuncle
Increase in number of leukocytes (above 10,000 per cumm) in the blood, generally caused by infection and usually transient
Leukocytosis
blister-like elevation of skin containing serous fluid
VESICLE
Unconsciousness produced by a drug, usually narcotics, and certain toxic chemicals
Narcosis
Condition in which the manifestations of life are feebly maintained
APPARENT DEATH
Bleeding from the nose
Epistaxis
The disease of the skin characterized by itching, redness, and scaling
Eczema
Noise made by a moribund person caused by air passing through a residue of mucus in the trachea and posterior oral cavity
Death Rattle
The abnormal, excessive and uncontrolled multiplication of cells with the formation of a mass or new growth of tissue.
NEOPLASM aka TUMOR
Rendered thoroughly dry, exhausted of moisture
Desiccation
Condition that results when the body part that dies had little blood and remains aseptic occurs when the ARTERIES ARE OBSTRUCTED.
Dry gangrene
Diseased; due to a disease.
PATHOLOGICAL CONDITION
Irreversible somatic death, where life cannot be restored.
BIOLOGICAL DEATH
The immediate and temporary disturbance of brain function
Concussion
Extravasation Of blood into a tissue.Ecchymosis or bruise
Suggillation
A mark of desiccation.
RAZOR BURN aka RAZOR ABRASION
Postdeath alteration in the body that comprises a physical and a chemical change, for example, rigor mortis, wherein there is a change in pH of the tissues and a stiffening of the muscles.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL POSTMORTEM CHANGE
Disease caused by the growth of a pathogenic microorganisms in the body
Infectious disease
The distention of the pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys with urine as a result of obstruction
Hydronephrosis
A cancer-causing chemical or material
Carcinogen
a toxic condition caused by retention in the blood of waste products normally excreted in the urine
UREMIA
Disease that may be transmitted between individuals with reference to the organism that causes a disease
Contagious disease
Glycoprotein substance developed by the body in response to an interacting specifically with an antigen.A.k.a. immunoglobin
Antibody
Dizziness characterized by a sensation of whirling movement.
VERTIGO
Characteristic pus-filled structure of a disease, such as smallpox, syphilis, and acne.
PUSTULAR LESION
Accumulation of serous fluids in the peritoneal cavity
Ascites
Severe generalized edema
Anasarca
Fatty degeneration or thickening of the walls of the larger arteries occurring in artherosclerosis
Atheroma
Drawn or pulled out
Extraction
An insect larva; especially flies
Maggot
The prevention or inhibiting of the growth of causative microorganisms
Antisepsis
Necrotic tissue that is wet as a result of INADEQUATE VENOUS DRAINAGE; may be accompanied by bacterial infection.A.k.a. moist gangrene
Wet gangrene
In a dying state; in the agonal period
Moribund
A discoloration due to the deposit of matter on the skin surface. These discolorations may occur antemortem, during, or after embalming of the body; adhesive tape, ink, iodine, paint, tobacco stains.
SURFACE DISCOLORATION
Blood clot which forms when the blood plasma passes through the capillary walls and leaves the blood cells behind.
TOUGH DRY CLOTS aka WHITE FIBRIN CLOT
Discoloration of the body within the blood vascular system; for example hypostasis, carbon monoxide, and capillary congestion
Intravascular blood discoloration
a yellowish, sickly color of the complexion
SALLOW
Chemicals which kill, or render incapable of reproducing, disease causing microorganisms
Germicide
Insufficient intake of oxygen resulting from numerous causes.A.k.a. apnea
Asphyxia
A form of arteriosclerosis marked by the deposition of lipids on the inner layer of the arterial wall
Atherosclerosis
The increased size of an organ or part due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of its cells.
Hyperplasia
Formerly called infectious hepatitis. It is called by the enteric transmission. (Fecal-oral)
Hepatitis AHAV
The presence of bacteria in the blood.
Bacteremia
An involuntary, rapid movement of the eyeball, usually from side to side.
NYSTAGMUS
Postmortem evacuation of any substance from an extemal orifice of the body as a result of pressure.
PURGE
A decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, or both
Anemia
Effect occurring at sites remote from the route of entry.
SYSTEMIC
And inflammatory skin disease marked by small vesicles in clusters, usually restricted to diseases caused by herpesvirus
Herpes
Antemortem discolorations resulting from the administration of drugs or chemotherapeutic agents
Drug discoloration
set of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease (example: Down’s syndrome).
SYNDROME
those resulting in acute inflammation of the skin and blisters.
SECOND DEGREE BURN
The destruction and/or inhibition of most pathogenic organisms and their products in or on the body
Disinfection
Decomposition of fats
Lypolysis
a microbe that can only live in the presence of free oxygen.
STRICT (OBLIGATE) AEROBE
Destructive to bacteria
Bactericidal agent
the presence of toxins in the blood.
TOXEMIA
Specific antibody acting destructively upon cells and tissues
Lysin
Areas of embalms tissue where excessive dehydration has occurred
Dessication marks
Inflammation of the meninges
Meningitis
Wound characterized by irregular tearing tissue
Laceration
Transmitted by contaminated water and human waste
Hepatitis EHEV
An injury caused by sheet which produces redness of the skin Hyperemia
First degree burn
A drug resis¬tant bacterium found in feces and open wounds. It can also be found associated with nasogastric tubes often in patients who have had long hospitalization.
VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI (VRE).
The true metabolic enzymes of bacterium, produced with in the bacterial cell wall
Endoenzymes
The irreversible cessation of brain activity and loss of consciousness; death beginning at the brain
Coma
Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans; these pathogens include hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus
Blood-borne pathogens
Free-floating object in the bloodstream
Embolism
Fluid or cellular debris exuding from blood vessels and deposited in tissues or tissue surfaces; usually a result of inflammation
Exudate
Formation of new channels in a tissue
Canalization
An organism that prefers an oxygen environment but is capable of living and growing in its absence
FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE
A swelling or mass of clotted blood confined to an organ or space caused by a ruptured blood vessel
Hematoma
Having relatively large patches of color somewhat different from the remainder of the coloring
Blotched
Bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to lack of oxygen
Cyanosis
The semi convulsive twitches which are often occur before death
Death struggle
Acute infection or inflammation of the alveoli. The alveolar sacs fill up with fluid and dead white blood cells. Causes include bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
PNEUMONIA
A period immediately following death and before rigor mortis occurs, where the muscles of the body are limp and flaccid.
PRIMARY FLACCIDITY
Total evacuation (absence) of tissue
Fourth degree burn
Act of cutting apart. Distend. Two expand or swell.
Dissection
Freedom from infection and from any form of life; sterility
Asepsis
Tuberculosis of the skin; patches ulcerate and leave scars upon healing
Lupus Vulgaris
Loss of Moisture from body tissue which may occur antemortem or postmortem Antemortem: Febrile disease, diarrhea or ernesisPostmortem: injection of embalming solution or through absorption by the air
Dehydration
EdemaAbnormal accumulation of fluids in tissue or body cavities
Dropsy
Expression or appearance of the facial features after death. The look of death
Facies hippocratica
A blood clot which contains all of the blood elements coagulated in an evenly mixed mass
Current and/or jelly clot
A sack within or on the body surface containing air or fluid
Cyst
Disfigured by a loss of a natural part because of the application of force
Mutilated
And abnormally excessive amount of albumin and the urine
Albuminuria
Causing visible destruction of living tissue at point of contact
Corrosive
Any malignant neoplasm marked by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells
Cancer
The means by which a pathogen is passed from host to host
Circle of transmission
Severe infectious blood-borne virus
Hepatitis BHBV
Staphyloccus aureuspathogens that have become re¬sistant to the drugs methicillin and vancomycin.
VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (VRSA).
A microorganism that prefers an environment devoid of oxygen but has adapted so that it can live and grow in the presence of oxygen.
FACULTATIVE AEROBE
The rise in temperature after death due to continued cellular metabolism.
POSTMORTEM CALORICITY
abnormal constriction of a channel or orifice
STENOSIS
a hole or wound resulting from piercing.
PUNCTURE
Disease characterized by a rash, for example, measles.
EXANTHEMATOUS DISEASE
Blood in sputum
Hemoptysis
The condition of the Heart being enlarged occurring normally, artificially, or as a result of disease
Dilatation (dilation)
Extreme sensitivity to light.
PHOTOPHOBIA
The changing of the blood from a liquid to a semi-solid or from a semi-solid to a solid.
POSTMORTEM BLOOD COAGULATION
In the presence of free oxygen.
AEROBIC
AIDS. Specific group of diseases or conditions which are indicated of severe immunosuppression related to infection with the immunodeficiency virus (MV); decedents may exhibit conditions such as wasting syndrome, extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, and Kaposi’s sarcoma
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Disjoining of bones
Disarticulate
A physical injury or wound caused by external force or violence.
TRAUMA
small proteinaceous infectious agents (particles) which almost certainly do not have a nucleic acid genome and therefore resist inactivation by procedures that modify nucleic acids Prion diseases are often called spongiform encephalopathies because of the post mortem appearance of the brain with large vacuoles in the cortex and cerebellum
PRION
Bacterial decomposition of carbohydrates
Fermentation
A thin vesicle on the skin containing liquid matter
Blister
Disease resulting from a deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones, with a bronze discoloration of the skin and electrolyte imbalances
Addison’s disease
A blood clot which contains all of the blood elements with red and white blood cells separated into distinct layers
Chicken fat clot
Postmortem accumulation of gas in tissues or cavities brought about by an Anaerobic gas forming bacillus, ex clostridiurn perfringens.
TISSUE GAS
Condition in which interstitial spaces contain such excessive amounts of fluid that the skin remains depressed after palpation.
PITTING EDEMA
Buck teethOblique insertion of the teeth
Dental prognathism
Temporary condition of apparent death.
SUSPENDED ANIMATION
Abnormal amount of fat on the body.
OBESE
Edema in the body appendages, trunk, and/or head as contrasted with edema of the body cavities.
SKELETAL EDEMA
Irreversible cessation of all vital functions [nonlegal definition]
Death
Any abnormal color in or upon the human body
Discoloration
In the absence of free oxygen.
ANAEROBIC
Boil An abscess or pyogenic infection of the sweat gland or hair follicle
Furuncle
Blood present in vomitus; vomiting of blood from the stomach
Hematemesis
Postmortem stiffening of the body muscles by natural body processes aka cadaveric rigidity.
RIGOR MORTIS
Indicates the weakness or feebleness of any organ or function
Asthenia
Excessive leanness; a wasted condition resulting in sunken surfaces of the face
Emaciation
Disease that may be transmitted either directly or indirectly between individuals by an infectious agent
Communicable disease
Abnormal accumulation of Cerebral spinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain
Hydrocephalus
Distension of the tissues beneath the skin by gas or air; an antemortem condition brought about by a surgical procedure or trauma.
SUBCUTANEOUS EMPHYSEMA
The loss of moisture from the living body during the agonal state.
AGONAL DEHYDRATION
Inflammation of the kidneys.
NEPHRITIS
A localized accumulation of pus
Abscess
Spasm of death
Death throe
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity
Hydrothorax
A blood-borne virus
Hepatitis GHGV
Signal of approaching death
Death token
A blood-borne virus, it can only exist in combination with the hepatitis B virus. HBV vaccine will offer protection against HDV
Hepatitis DHDV
Ecchymosis.
SUGGILLATION
Post-mortem cooling of the body to the surrounding temperature.
ALGOR MORTIS
Necrosis, death of tissues of part of the body usually due to deficient or absent blood supply
Gangrene
Disease characterized by a rash, for example, measles
Exanthematous disease
The yellowing/browning of the finger nails and fingers from excessive use of cigarettes; a surface discoloration.
TOBACCO TARS
A variation from the common or established
Deviations
To cut or tear into into irregular segments
Lacerate
A disease or disorder of the skin
Dermatosis
A disease with a more or less slow onset and long duration
Chronic
Microorganisms (Colon Bacillus) found normally in the colon
COLIFORM ORGANISMS
Condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in blood.
SEPTICEMIA
Relaxation phase of the heart action, or beat
Diastole
Minute petechial hemorrhages caused by the rupture of minute vessels as blood settles into the dependent areas of organs and tissues; it is accompanied by livor mortis. A postmortem, extravascular blood discoloration. Most common in asphyxial or slow deaths.
TARDIEU SPOTS
A severe, often fatal, bacterial disease characterized by pneumonia, dry cough, and sometimes gastrointestinal symptoms
Legionnaires disease
