chems Flashcards
Inactivation or removal of microbial toxins, as well as of living microbial pathogens themselves.
DECONTAMINATION
Method by which solutes and/or solvents cross through a membrane with no energy provided by the cells of the membrane. In embalming, examples include pressure filtration, dialysis, diffusion, and osmosis.
PASSIVE TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Amount of preservative (formaldehyde) required to effectively preserve remains depends on the condition of the tissues as determined in the embalming analysis.
PRESERVATIVE DEMAND aka FORMALDEHYDE DEMAND
The passage of solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane aka hindered diffusion.
OSMOSIS
Positive intravascular pressure causing passage of embalming solution through the capillary causing passage of embalming fluid from an intravascular to an wall to diffuse with the interstitial fluids; extravascular position.
PRESSURE FILTRATION
The injection of a specialized chemical in conjunction with the routine arterial chemical.
COINJECTION
The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached.
DIFFUSION
Decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes from anaerobic bacteria.
PUTREFACTION
(outdated) Method of eye closure in which the upper lid is placed on top of the lower lid.
EYELID OVERLAP
that amount of formaldehyde necessary to overcome any nitrogen residue and cause the body proteins to become coagulated.
FORMALDEHYDE DEMAND
Chemicals which will affect adversely certain organs
TARGET ORGAN EFFECTS .
Injection of very strong arterial fluid (often waterless) under relatively high pressure into head and face through both common carotid arteries to effect preservation and disinfection while minimizing swelling.
INSTANT TISSUE FIXATION (“HEAD FREEZE”)
Method used to embalm the contents of the cranial cavity through the contents of the cranial cavity through aspiration and injection of the cranial chamber by passage of a trocar through the cribiform plate.
CRANIAL EMBALMING
Building blocks of which proteins are constructed, and the end products of protein digestion or hydrolysis Their basic formula is NH2-CHR-COOH an amino group, an alpha carbon, any aliphatic or aromatic radical, and a carboxyl group
AMINO ACID
Report filled out for each body prepared and for each body received from another funeral home.
EMBALMING REPORT aka CASE REPORT
Chemical in powder form; typically used for surface embalming of the remains.
PRESERVATIVE POWDER
A central nervous system depressant which can cause symptoms including headache, lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue. In high concentrations, stupor and unconsciousness can occur.
NARCOTIC
dimethylketone; a colorless liquid which is used to soften and remove scabs; a solvent for restorative wax, or a stain remover.
ACETONE
Destruction of bacteria by action of certain chemical substances.
BACTERIOLYSIS
An agent employed in the preparation of tissues for the purpose of maintaining the existing form of the structure. Many agents are used, the most important one being formalin.
FIXATIVE
A vascular incision made at 90 degrees to the long axis of the vessel.
TRANSVERSE INCISION
An agent or material exposing one to risk.
HAZARDOUS MATERIAL
Process that renders a substance free of all microorganisms.
STERILIZATION
act of sewing; also the completed stitch.
SUTURE
Controls that reduce the likelihood of exposure by altering the manner in which a task is performed; prohibiting recapping of needles, and not allowing blood splatter or aerosolization of blood while draining during the embalming process.
WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS
Grey discoloration of the body caused by the reaction of formaldehyde from the embalming process with hemoglobin to form methyl hemoglobin.
FORMALDEHYDE GREY
A material capable of causing an abnormal growth of tissue.
NEOPLASTIC AGENT
an organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups The general formula for a monohydroxy alcohol is R-OH, where R is a hydrocarbon group.
ALCOHOL
The process of converting soluble protein to insoluble protein by heating or contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde The solidification of a sol into a gelatinous mass Agglutination is a specific form of coagulation.
COAGULATION
A fluid used primarily to supplement and enhance the action of vascular (arterial) solutions.
COINJECTION FLUID
A type of arterial fluid which contains inactive dyes that will not impart a color change upon the body tissues of the deceased aka passive dye.
NON-COSMETIC FLUID
A network of stitches which cross the borders of a cavity or excision to anchor fillers and to sustain tissues in their proper position.
BASKET WEAVE SUTURE aka CROSS STITCH
A compound consisting of iodine combined with a carrier, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, often used as a preoperative skin disinfectant.
IODOPHORES
Disinfection practices carried out during the embalming process.
CONCURRENT DISINFECTION
A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared.
HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
Decomposition of sugars.
SACCHAROLYSIS
Drawing together, or a contraction, of gels which results in the giving off of water.
SYNERESIS
A condition resulting from the use of an embalming solution containing an insufficient amount of preservative to meet the preservation demand of the tissues; the interstitial spaces are overly filled, engorged with water.
WATER-LOGGED
A substance bringing about precipitation The oxilates formerly used in water conditioning chemicals are now illegal because of the poisonous nature to the embalmer.
PRECIPITANT
A special vascular fluid with special bleaching and coloring qualities of use on bodies with jaundice; usually low formaldehyde content.
JAUNDICE FLUID
The act of making tissue rigid. The solidification of a compound.
FIXATION
Extravascular movement of preservative fluids by gravitational force to the dependent areas of the body.
GRAVITY FILTRATION
A more or less permanent coagulation and stiffening of tissues as a result of exposure to very high temperatures which are constantly above 120 degrees F.
HEAT STIFFENING
Causing an allergic reaction after repeated exposure.
SENSITIZER
Vascular injection from two or more arteries.
MULTIPOINT INJECTION (MULTIPLE-SITE)
Institution of disinfection and decontamination measures after the preparation of the remains.
TERMINAL DISINFECTION
In its broadest sense, refers to the moistening, and softening, of any tissue decomposing in a liquid medium.
MACERATION
Quality of water containing certain substances, especially soluble salts of calcium and magnesium.
WATER HARDNESS
Discharge or withdrawal of blood, interstitial fluid and embalming fluids from the body during vascular embalming. Usually removed through a vein of the body.
DRAINAGE
The pressure exerted by the blood on the vessel walls measured in millimeters of mercury.
BLOOD PRESSURE
The act or instance of forcing a fluid into the vascular system or directly into tissues.
INJECTION
Passage of some components of the injected embalming solution from an intravascular to an extravascular location; movements of the embalming solutions from the capillaries into the interstitial fluids.
DIFFUSION SOLUTION
Disinfection of the surface of the body or an object.
TOPICAL DISINFECTION
A chemical element that is similar in chemical properties to another element, but differs in atomic weight and electric charge and emits an atom that disintegrates by emission of electromagnetic radiation.
RADIONUCLIDE
Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant one
DEODORANTS/MASKING AGENTS/PERFUMING AGENTS
A chemical agent that can “fence off” or “tie up” metal ions so they cannot react with other chemicals.
SEQUESTERING AGENT
The pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off.
POTENTIAL PRESSURE
a single, noose-like suture, not pulled taut before knotting, which stands from the skin and which anchors restorative materials.
LOOP STITCH
Method of injection wherein both common carotid arteries are raised.
RESTRICTED CERVICAL INJECTION
Procedure whereby the embalmer injects and drains from one site (See one point injection)
SINGLE POINT INJECTION
To tie off an artery and vein upon completion of embalming.
LIGATE
That pressure which just overcomes the vascular resistance in the body and causes the arterial solution to enter the body at a moderate and uniform rate.
IDEAL INJECTION PRESSURE
Other Possibly Infectious Material (or matter)
OPIM
Removal of particles (liquid or solid) from a solution, as it passes through a membrane or other partial barrier.
FILTRATION
Water loving (Hydro water; philic loving)
HYDROPHILIC
Drainage procedure that limits the exposure of the embalmer to the drainage. Tubing is attached to a drain tube allowing drainage to floe directly from a vein into a sanitary disposal system; tubing may also be attached to a trocar and aspirator allowing drainage to be taken from the right atrium of the heart to the sanitary disposal system.
CLOSED SYSTEM DRAINAGE
Substances which increase the activity of enzymes.
CO-ENZYMES OR ACCELERATORS
Embalming fluid that contains dyes and coloring agents intended to Restore a more natural skin tone through the embalming process.
COSMETIC FLUID
(aka surface tension reducer; wetting, penetrating, or surface-active agent) Chemical that reduces the molecular cohesion of a liquid so it can flow through smaller apertures.
SURFACTANT
Method of eye closure in which the upper lid is placed on top of the lower lid.
OVERLAP
Injection of embalming chemicals directly into the tissues through the use of a syringe and needle or a trocar.
HYPODERMIC EMBALMING
Having a relatively low lethal dose.
HIGHLY TOXIC
Method of drainage in which the drainage is stopped at intervals while the injection continues a type of restricted drainage.
INTERMITTENT DRAINAGE
Incision on the surface of the skin to raise the common carotid arteries, it is made along the posterior border of the inferior one-third of the stemocleidomastoid muscle.
PARALLEL INCISION
Substance thinned or reduced in concentration; a cosmetic lessened in brilliance.
DILUTION
Combination of iodine and a solubilizing agent or carrier that liberates free iodine in solution; a chemical disinfectant.
IODOPHOR
A carcinogen potentially produced when formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite come into contact with each other; normally occurs only in a controlled laboratory setting and requires a catalyst.
BISCHLOROMETHYL ETHER aka BCME
Injection of different regions of the body through the different arteries leading to those regions, as in autopsied cases or multipoint injections.
SECTIONAL INJECTION
Chemical and physical agents that bring about coagulation.
COAGULATING AGENTS
Injection of an arterial solution composed of a preservative embalming fluid which is diluted with supplemental chemicals such as humectants, water conditioners and co-injections.
WATERLESS EMBALMING
Injection and drainage from one location.
ONE POINT INJECTION
The separation and pushing aside of the superficial fascia leading to blood vessels and then the deep fascia surrounding blood -vessels, utilizing manual techniques or round ended instruments which separate rather than cut the protective tissues.
BLUNT DISSECTION
A non-toxic disinfectant suitable for the use on animal tissue.
ANTISEPTIC
Methyl ethyl ketone
MEK
Separation of substances in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable, membrane aka Selective Diffusion.
DIALYSIS
Rigidity of tissue due to chemical reaction.
FIRMING
Is found in products as either the tetrasodium or disodium salt. They rect chemically to “bind” calcium, which inhibits the blood clotting mechanism. It is a skin irritant, causing dryness and cracking.
ETHYLENEDIAMINE TETRACETIC ACID (EDTA)
Colloidal solution dispensed as a mist.
AEROSOL
Composition of two or more substances that are not chemically bound to each other.
MIXTURE
Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and DISINFECTION
SUPPLEMENTAL FLUID
Injection that results in the distribution of embalming fluid primarily to the body surface, with little preservation and disinfection of deeper tissues.
SHELL EMBALMING
a physical change of state during which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas
SUBLIMATION
That time period after the arterial injection.
POSTEMBALMING
That amount of radioactive material in which 37 million disintergrate each second. DISINTEGRATE EACH SECOND.
MILLICURIE / MC ATOMS
(See Temporary Preservation) The science of treating the body chemically so as to temporarily inhibit decomposition
PRESERVATION
Capable of inducing growth of a tumor
TUMORIGENIC
Speed at which solution is injected; measured in ounces per minute.
RATE OF FLOW
Substances which temporarily or permanently inhibits and enzyme’s action.
PARALYZER OR INACTIVATOR
That consideration given to the dead body prior to, during, and after the embalming procedure is completed; documentation is recommended.
EMBALMING ANALYSIS aka CASE ANALYSIS
Clear, volatile liquid used as a wax solvent or to remove grease, oil, and adhesive tape stains.
ETHER
That pressure which is indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body.
ACTUAL PRESSURE
A process to promote and establish conditions which minimize or eliminate biohazards.
SANITATION
Pressure developed as the flow of embalming solution is established and the elastic arterial walls expand and then contract, resulting in filling of the capillary beds and development of pressure filtration.
INTRAVASCULAR PRESSURE
To examine by touch.
PALPATE
