SI Questions Flashcards
efferent definition
motor
signals sent away from brain
afferent definition
sensory
signals sent toward the brain
somatic
voluntary
continuous single nerve
autonomic
involuntary
2 nerves connected by synapse
sympathetic
synapses before target in sympathetic trunk
parasympathetic
synapses in walls of target
what separates thorax and abdomen
diaphragm
why is diaphragm higher on the right side
liver is on right side
what happens to diaphragm during inspiration
depresses diaphram
what happens to diaphragm during expiration
elevates when muscles relax
what spinal nerves form the phrenic nerve
C3
C4
C5
which pleura touches lungs to form outermost layer
visceral
left lung
upper + lower lobes
oblique fissure
slightly smaller
right lung
upper + middle + lower lobes
horizontal + oblique fissure
what anchors lung
hilum
in hilum, what structure is superior vs inferior
sup - artery
inf - vein
what is the sight of gas exchange
alevoli / alveolus
how does blood oxygenate from the heart
pulmonary a.
lungs
alveolus
branches of pulmonary v.
heart
intercostal muscles from most superficial to deep
external intercostal
internal intercostal
innermost intercostal
which mediastinum consists of heart and pericardium
middle
what esophagus is ___ to the heart
posterior
T OR F
dorsal root ganglia are motor and ventral root ganglia are sensory
F
T OR F
spinal nerves T1-L2 form sympathetic trunk
T
T OR F
the pleural cavity encapsulates lungs
F
what does the great cardia v. open into
r. atrium via coronary sinus
what 2 things do that chordae tendinae connect
papillary muscle + AV valve
which chamber has the thickest wall in heart
left ventricle
diastole
atria contracts + ventricle fills
systole
ventricles contract + pump to rest of body
which arteries supply blood to walls of heart
coronary arteries
what supplies blood to mammary glands
internal thoracic a.
what 2 veins anastomosis to form brachiocephalic v.
subclavian v.
internal jugular v.
what innervation does the vagus n. provide
autonomic parasympathetic
pectinate muscles found in ___
atria
papillary muscle found in ___
ventricle
what vein can be found on right side of body
azygous
what vein can be found on left side of body
hemiazygous
phrenic nerve is ____
somatic
gap in muscle
hiatus
hole in tendon
opening
what muscle lines the scrotum and spermatic cord
controls how far testes suspended away from body
cremaster m.
sperm matures in
epididymis
what nerve innervates the diaphragm and controls respiration
phrenic
what 2 major anatomical things produce semen
prostate
seminal vesicles
what is the space b/w diaphragm and ribs
costodiaphragmatic recess
what suspends uterus
broad ligament
what produces bile
liver
what stores bile
gallbladder
first part of intestine
duodenum
what has deeper folds and absorbs more nutrients
jejunum
what is more smoother and absorbs less nutrients
ileum
what nerves share the same spinal origins at S2 S3 S4
parasympathetic
pudendal
which sphincter is involuntary
internal urethral
which sphincter is voluntary
external urethral
ribs connect to sternum by
costal cartilage
scrotum is ___ to testes
superficial
pec major is ___ to ribs
superficial
manubrium is __ to pulmonary v.
superior
what is superior to testes and the start of vas deferens
epididymis
what muscles are in pelvic diaphragm
skeletal
uterus and bladder are made up of
smooth muscle
what forms the anterior rectus sheath
external abdominal oblique
internal thoracic a. passes rib cage and becomes
epigastric a.
what muscles give a 6 pack
rectus abdominis
how do blood vessels and nerves get to small intestine
mesentery
what structure connects liver to stomach
mesocolon for large intestine
what space is posterior to stomach
omental bursa
urine flow to ureter
renal pyramid
minor catyx
renal pelvis
ureter
ureter run ___ to common iliac a.
anterior
most parasympathetic n. originate from
vagus n.
what muscle is superficial to the bulb of vestibule
bulbospongiosus
what holds all of pelvic organs
levator ani m.
what 3 muscles form external urethral sphincter
sphincter urethra
compressor urethra
sphincter urethrovaginalis (not in males)
what 2 arteries anastamose on greater curvature of stomach
L splenic a.
R. gastro omental a.
what connects the stomach to duodenum
pyloric sphincter
what is gastric rugae
folds in stomach
increases surface area
what organ is important for blood filtration and immune system
spleen
which artery supplies blood to ileum and jejunum
ileocolic a.
where does the bladder meet urethra
neck
what carries ovarian v. + a.
ovarian suspensory ligament
what ligament(s) holds ovaries in place
ovarian ligament
ovarian suspensory ligament
what is the expansion of uterine tubes before completely opening at infundibulum
ampulla
what does the pectinate line separate
superior rectum (portal)
inferior rectum (not portal)
what are the 2 bypasses of liver
gastric veins : esophageal vv.
superior rectal veins : middle + inf rectal vv.
heart rate increases, what innervation
sympathetic
before left colic flexure
vagus n.
celiac trunk
superior mesenteric a.
after left colic flexure
pelvic splanchnic n.
inferior mesenteric a.
what artery travels through greater sciatic foramen
posterior division of superior gluteal a.
what is the 1st branch off internal iliac artery that supplies blood to urinary bladder
superior vesicle a.
prostatic a. is a branch of
inferior vesicle a.
blood flow back to heart from left ovary
ovarian plexus
L ovarian v.
L. renal v.
IVC
R. atrium
what provides blood to uterus
uterine a.
what does pudendal n. innervate
somatic
external sphincters of urethra + anus
what does superior rectal v. drain
inferior mesenteric v.
sacrospinous ligaments separates 2 openings in pelvis
greater sciatic foramen
lesser sciatic foramen
what nerve travels w/ esophagus through diaphragm
vagus n.
(parasympathetic)
damage to vagus n.
damage to diaphragm
what node causes ventricles to contract
AV node
what 2 sets of nerves share spinal roots S2 S3 S4
pelvic splanchnic n.
pudendal n.
what do external abdominal oblique muscles do
rotate trunk of body
where does water absorption from food occur
colon
ileum
what tube connects liver and duodenum
common bile duct
right kidney is ___ to left kidney
inferior
ischial spine is ___ to ischial tuberosity
superior
pubis is ___ to mons pubis
deep
9th 10th 11th ribs are ___ to spleen
superficial
trachea is ___ to lungs
medial
quadratus lumborum is ___ to psoas major
lateral/posterior
celiac trunk branches ___ to renal arteries from descending aorta
superior
phrenic n. is ___ to heart
superficial/lateral
sacrospinous ligament is __ to sacrotuberous ligament
deep
structure that separates superior/upper and middle lobes of right lung
horizontal fissure
gland lies superior to kidneys
suprarenal glands
landmark that marks division of sources of parasympathetic innervation to colon
left colic flexure
round ligament/spermatic cord travel through this structure
inguinal canal
muscle that provides involuntary control of urinary bladder
internal urethral sphincter
outermost tissue layer that is deep to ribs and not connected to lungs
parietal pleura
structure posterior to lesser omentum
omental bursa
ligament that attaches liver to wall of abdominal cavity
falciform ligament
inferior mesenteric v. drains into
splenic v.
3 structures the inferior mesenteric a. supplies
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum (superior part)
inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. branches off of which artery
superior mesenteric a.
what structures are given blood by suprarenal a.
suprarenal glands
what artery supplies blood to anterior thoracic wall
internal thoracic a.
what vein drains posterior intercostal v. on left side
acessory hemiazygous + hemiazygous vv.
what muscle prevents sperm from going into bladder
internal urethral sphincter
where do major calyces of kidney flow to
renal pelvis
what structure separates quadrate lobe and right lobe of liver
gallbladder
what structure carries urine to bladder
ureter
what 2 structures does gastrocolic ligament connect
stomach
transverse colon
what fluid fills pleural cavity
serous fluid
what holds sperm as they mature
epididymis
which organ regulates insulin
pancreas
where is adrenaline produced
suprarenal glands
what organ repackages and processes all nutrients absorbed by stomach and intestines
liver
what part of small intestine primarily absorb nutrients
jejunum
what nerves innervates colon after left colic flexure
pelvic splanchnic nerves
what organ can absorb caffeine and water
stomach
portal or caval
great cardiac v
neither
portal or caval
intercostal v
caval
portal or caval
left renal v
caval
portal or caval
splenic v
portal
portal or caval
middle colic v
portal
portal or caval
left gastro omental v
portal
portal or caval
superior epigastric v
caval
portal or caval
left ovarian v
caval
artery + nerve
ascending colon
a : superior mesenteric
n : vagus
artery + nerve
esophagus
a : descending aorta
n : vagus
artery + nerve
inferior rectum
a : internal iliac
n : pelvic parasympathetic
artery + nerve
kidneys
a : descending aorta
n : vagus
artery + nerve
liver
a : celiac trunk
n : vagus
artery + nerve
ovaries
a : descending aorta
n : pelvic parasympathetic
artery + nerve
sigmoid colon
a : inferior mesenteric
n : pelvic parasympathetic
artery + nerve
stomach
a : celiac trunk
n : vagus
artery + nerve
urinary bladder
a : internal iliac
n : pelvic parasympathetic
