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Anatomy > Head and Neck General Questions > Flashcards

Head and Neck General Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Levator Labii Superioris M.
Function

A

Elevates Upper Lip (smiling muscle)
Raises angle of Lip

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1
Q

Orbicularis Oculi M.
Function

A

Sphincter M.
Closes Eye (upper lid)

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2
Q

Zygomaticus Major M.
Function

A

Pulls corner of mouth superiorly + laterally

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3
Q

Depressor Labii Inferioris M.
Function

A

Pulls lower Lip Inferiorly + Laterally (frowning)

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4
Q

Platysma M.
Function

A

Tenses skin of neck

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5
Q

Occipitofrontalis M.
Function

A

Elevates eyebrows (shock, horror)

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6
Q

Buccinator M.
Function

A

Clenches cheek against teeth, constricts mouth (blowing gum)

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7
Q

Orbicularis Oris M.
Function

A

Sphincter M.
Protrudes Lips, Puckers Mouth (kissing)

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8
Q

Labial A. (Sup. + Inf.) supplies blood to…

A

Lips
- some to gum area

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9
Q

Middle Meningeal A. is a branch of…

A

Maxillary A.

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10
Q

What goes through the Foramen Magnum

A

2 Vertebral A.

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11
Q

What goes through Carotid Canal

A

Internal Carotid A.

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12
Q

What makes up Cerebral Arterial Circle
(Circle of Willis)

A

Anterior Cerebral A.
Anterior Communicating A.
Ophthalmic A.
Internal Carotid A.
Posterior Cerebral A.
Posterior Communicating A.
Basilar A.
Vertebral A.

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13
Q

Superficial Temporal V. drains into…

A

Retromandibular V.

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14
Q

Superior + Inferior Ophthalmic Veins drain into…

A

Angular V.

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15
Q

Angular V. drains into…

A

Facial V.

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16
Q

Most deep Mater

A

Pia Mater

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17
Q

Most superficial Mater

A

Dura Mater

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18
Q

What separates Cerebellum + Cerebrum

A

Tentorium Cerebelli

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19
Q

Frontal Lobe
-Location
-Function

A
  • frontal bone
  • forehead
  • executive function (memory , higher learning)
  • movement
  • control of speech
  • language comprehension
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20
Q

Temporal Lobe
-Location
-Function

A
  • L + R
  • Temporal Bone
  • Hearing, Speech, Memory
  • long term visual memory
  • language
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21
Q

Parietal Lobe
-Location
-Function

A
  • Parietal Bone
  • Sensory, Memory
  • Skin (touch, pain, temp)
  • sensory input
  • numerical reasoning
  • language
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22
Q

Occipital Lobe
-Location
-Function

A
  • Occipital Lobe
  • Visual Cortex
  • Processing Memory w/ Visualization
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23
Q

Primary Motor Cortex
-Location
-Function

A
  • Frontal
  • Skilled Movement (fine motor skills)
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24
Q

Primary Somatosensory Cortex
-Location
-Function

A
  • Pariteal
  • Receive sensation from Somatic N. (touch from skin, visceral : stomach hungry)
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25
Q

Corpus Callosum

A
  • Connect L + R side of Brain
  • Allows Communication b/w sides
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26
Q

Fornix

A
  • C - shaped bundle of nerve fibers
  • Hipocampus
  • Limbic system (emotion)
  • recall tasks
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27
Q

Thalamus

A
  • sensory signals
  • alertness/consciousness
  • ‘operator of brain’
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28
Q

Limbic Lobe

A
  • arch shaped
  • processes info within limbic system
  • made up of frontal + parietal lobes
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29
Q

Pineal Gland
Function

A
  • not fully understood
  • produce regulatory hormones (melatonin)
  • regulation while sleeping (basal functions)
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30
Q

What is known as the tree of life

A

Cerebellum

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31
Q

Limbic System
Function

A
  • emotion
  • motivation
  • memory, learning
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32
Q

What makes up Limbic System

A
  • Hippocampus
  • Fornix
  • Basal Ganglia
  • Amygdala
  • Mamillary Bodies
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33
Q

Hippocampus
Function

A
  • events and their context, including emotions
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34
Q

Basal Ganglia
Function

A
  • working memory
  • motivation
  • coordination of eye movement
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35
Q

Amygdala
Function

A
  • emotional processing
  • motivation

basal emotions
- fear, love, desire

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36
Q

Mamillary Bodies
Function

A
  • relay for impulses from amygdala to hippocampus
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37
Q

Cerebellum
Function

A
  • fine tuning of memory
  • storage of memories
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38
Q

Function of Ventricles in Brain

A

Production of Cerebrospinal Fluid

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39
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid
Function

A
  • protect brain
  • protect spinal cord
  • supply nutrients to tissues
  • remove waste products
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40
Q

Cerebral Aqueduct

A

Connects 3 + 4 ventricle

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41
Q

Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)

A

Inf. to spinal cord transitions
Between L3 + L4 vertebra

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42
Q

What makes up the Hyoid Muscles

A

Suprahyoid
Infrahyoid

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43
Q

Geniohyoid M. is innervated by…

A

Cervical N. (C1)

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44
Q

Anterior belly Digastric M. innervated by…

A

CN V3 - Trigeminal N. , Mandibular Division

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45
Q

Posterior belly Digastric M. innervated by…

A

CN VII - Facial Nerve

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46
Q

Suprahyoid Muscles

A

Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid
Digastic Muscles
Geniohyoid

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47
Q

Infrahyoid Muscles

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid

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48
Q

Mylohyoid
Location + Function

A

(mandible to hyoid)

  • raises oral cavity
  • elevate hyoid
  • elevate tongue
  • depress mandible
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49
Q

Thyrohyoid
Location + Function

A

(thyroid to hyoid)

  • depress + elevate hyoid
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50
Q

Sternohyoid
Location + Function

A

(sternum to hyoid)

  • depress hyoid
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51
Q

Sternothyroid
Location + Function

A

(sternum to thyroid)

  • depress thyroid cartilage
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52
Q

Stylohyoid
Location + Function

A

(styloid process to hyoid)

  • help elevate hyoid when swallowing
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53
Q

Omohyoid
Location + Function

A

(shoulder to hyoid)

  • depress hyoid + larynx
  • allows hyoid to rotate
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54
Q

Infrahyoid muscles are also known as…

A

Strap muscles

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55
Q

How many parathyroid glands

A

4

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56
Q

Where does the thyroid gland form?

A

tongue

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57
Q

Scalene Muscles
Function

A
  • stabalizing of head
  • motions of head
  • respiration
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58
Q

Anterior Scalene M.
Location + Function

A
  • insert on 1st rib
  • lifts 1st rib
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59
Q

Middle Scalene M.
Location + Function

A
  • longest
  • insert on 1st rib
  • lifts 1st rib
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60
Q

Posterior Scalene M.
Location + Function

A
  • insert on 2nd rib
  • lifts 2nd rib
61
Q

Temporalis + Masseter M. innervated by…

A

Trigeminal N.

62
Q

3 Major Regions of Pharynx

A

Nasopharaynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

63
Q

Nasopharynx

A
  • superior
  • base of skulll to soft palate
  • behind nasal region
64
Q

Oropharynx

A
  • behind oral cavity
  • uvula to Hyoid M.
65
Q

Laryngopharynx

A
  • inferior
  • throat connects to esophagus or trachea
  • food + liquids = esophagus
  • air = trachea
66
Q

Pharyngotympanic tube
Function

A

change in altitude

67
Q

What goes through Jugular Foramen

A

CN IX
CN X
CN XI

68
Q

What goes through Foramen Ovale

A

CN V3 - Mandibular Division

69
Q

What goes through Hypoglossal Canal

70
Q

What goes through Superior Orbital Fissure

A

CN III
CN IV
CN V1 - Ophthalmic Division
CN VI

71
Q

What goes through Foramen Rotundum

A

CN V2 - Maxillary Division

72
Q

Function of Frontal Sinus

A

Maintain air regulation

73
Q

Where is pituitary gland located

A

Sella Turcica

74
Q

What goes through Internal Acoustic Meatus

A

CN VII
CN VIII

75
Q

Lateral Pterygoid Muscle Function

A

Protrude
Side to Side motion

76
Q

Medial Pterygoid Function

A

Helps close jaw
Side to Side motion

77
Q

Levator Palpebrae Superioris Function

A

Opens Eyelid

78
Q

Superior Rectus Function

A

Elevate eye
(eyeroll)

79
Q

Lateral Rectus Function

A

Lateral Rotation

80
Q

Inferior Oblique Function

A

External Rotation

81
Q

Inferior Rectus Function

A

Depress Eye
(looking down)

82
Q

Medial Rectus Function

A

Medial Rotation

83
Q

7 bones of orbit

A

frontal
ethmoid
lacrimal
maxilla
zygomatic
sphenoid
patatine

84
Q

What makes up hard palate

A

maxilla + palatine

85
Q

What gives blood to nasal cavity

A

only
- ophthamic a
- sphenopalatine a

86
Q

Sphenopalatine branches from what a.

A

Maxillary a.

87
Q

Nasal a. gives blood to

A

External Nose

88
Q

What goes through Superior Meatus

A

Sphenoid Sinus

89
Q

What goes through Middle Meatus

A

Ethmoid Sinus
Frontal Sinus
Maxillary Sinus

90
Q

Intrinsic vs Extrinsic

A

Intrinsic
- Change shape of tongue

Extrinsic
- Move tongue around oral cavity

91
Q

Palatoglossus Function

A

Raises back of tongue

92
Q

Styloglossus Function

A

Comes off styloid process
Retract Tongue
Help elevate tongue

93
Q

Hyoglossus Function

A

Depress tongue
Help retract tongue

94
Q

Geniohyoid Function

A
  • Suprahyoid Muscle
  • Help carry hyoid
  • Tongue downward closer to hyoid
95
Q

Genioglossus Function

A
  • Depresses + protrudes tongue
  • Lowers tip of tongue
96
Q

Where does the thyroid form

A

Foramen Cecum

97
Q

Branches off Lingual A.

A

Deep Lingual A.
Dorsal Lingual A.

98
Q

What comes off the Dorsal Lingual A.

A

Sublingual A.

99
Q

Dorsal Lingual A. supplies…

A
  • muscous membrane
  • glossopalatine arches
  • tonsils
  • soft palate
  • esophagus
  • epiglottis
100
Q

Deep Lingual A. supplies…

A
  • terminal branch of lingual a.
  • blood to tongue itself
101
Q

Sublingual A. supplies…

A
  • sublingual gland
  • mylohyoid m.
102
Q

CN XII - Hypoglossal N. innervates what tongue muscles

A
  • genioglossus
  • hyoglossus
  • styloglossus
103
Q

Epiglottis Function

A

Closes + Separates Trachea
Folds and shut off airway when swallowing

104
Q

Palatine Tonsil Function

A

Maintain immune system of oral cavity

105
Q

Uvula

A
  • gag reflex
  • produces saliva
106
Q

Palatoglossal Arch

A
  • made up of 2 palatoglossal muscles
  • helps position of posterior tongue
  • elevate tongue
  • draws soft palate inferiorly
107
Q

Palatopharyngeal Arch

A
  • made of 2 palatopharyngeal muscles
  • elevate pharynx
  • position pharynx anteriorly + medially to help block
108
Q

What produces the majority of saliva

A

Parotid Gland

109
Q

Paralingual Space

A
  • store saliva
  • glands formed here
110
Q

Musculus Uvulae

A

elevates uvula
vagus n.
involuntary

111
Q

3 phases of deglutition

A

oral phase
pharyngeal phase
upper esophageal phase

112
Q

oral phase of deglutition is…

A

somatic + voluntary

113
Q

What makes larynx

A

thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
tracheal cartilage

114
Q

Arytenoid Cartilage Function

A

allows vocal cords to tense + relax

115
Q

All intrinsic mm. of larynx are innervated by..

A

recurrent laryngeal n.
- off vagus n.

116
Q

Vocalis Function

A

change thickness of vocal folds

117
Q

Lateral Cricoarytenoid Function

A

Adducts vocal cords

118
Q

Posterior Cricoarytenoid Function

A

Abducts vocal cords

119
Q

Cricothyroid M. Function

A

Tighten vocal ligaments

120
Q

Cricothyroid M. is innervated by..

A

Superior Laryngeal N.
- branch of Vagus n.

121
Q

True Vocal Cords

A
  • inferior
  • vocal ligaments
  • minimal
122
Q

False Vocal Cords

A
  • superior
  • more delicate
  • assist in breaking up sound
  • produce deep sounds
123
Q

Thyroarytenoid Function

A

Adduct vocal cords

124
Q

What arteries anastamose

A

superior thyroid aa.
inferior thyroid aa.

125
Q

Paranasal Sinus Function

A
  • drainage
  • makes bones lighter
  • produces nitrous oxide
126
Q

Mandibular Condyle Function

A

open and close jaw

127
Q

3 parts of a tooth

A

crown
neck
root

128
Q

Enamel Function

A

protect dentin and pulp chamber

129
Q

Pulp Chamber Function

A

blood in and out

130
Q

Iris Function

A

open and close

allows pupil to increase or decrease in size
allows light to enter

131
Q

Lacrimal Gland
Function and Inn

A

Function: tears formed
Inn: Facial N.

132
Q

White part of eye is called

133
Q

What is the conjunctiva and function

A

covers sclera
layer of protection

134
Q

Major blood supply for eye itself

A

opthalmic a.

135
Q

Major blood supply for obicularis oculi

A

opthalmic and angular aa.

136
Q

2 parts of eye

A

aqueous body
vitreous body

137
Q

Lens Function

A

transport disk
focus light + object
change thickness

138
Q

Aqueous body

A

filled w/ aqueous fluid
constantly replaces

139
Q

Vitreous body

A

filled w/ viterous humor
does not replace

140
Q

ciliary body + muscle

A

when contracting, pulls on zonular fibers

141
Q

Zonular Fibers Function

A

hold lens in place

142
Q

Retina Function

A

photoreceptor
processes light + color

143
Q

Choroid

A

provides oxygen + nutrients to eye itself

144
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Rods: low vs high light
Cones: distinguish color (red, green, blue)

145
Q

Fovea Centralis Function

A

-depression within macula
-highest visual aquity

146
Q

Macula Lutea

A

-lateral to optic disk
-high visual aquity

147
Q

What happens when ciliary m. contracts

A

zonular fibers relax
lens more rounded

148
Q

All infrahyoid m. are inn by

A

cervical spinal nerve

Anatomy (15 decks)

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