SI - Milgarm

Question 1

What did Milgram say the study was researching?

Answer 1

Memory

Question 2

Procedure

Answer 2

Teacher (participant) had to give teacher (confederate) a increasing electric shock on a task every time he made a mistake. Shocks increased, maximum = 450volts. Shocks were fake. If teacher wanted to stop experimenter gave verbal “prod” to keep going.

Question 3

Baseline findings

Answer 3

-> 12.5% stopped at 300volts.
-> 65% continued to 450volts.
-> 14 psych students predicted only 3% would go to 450 volts
-> debriefed study showed 84% were happy they participated

Question 4

Strength: replications support Milgram

Answer 4

-> French TV game show, contestants gave fake shocks when order to by presenter ti other participants (actors).
-> 80% gave max 460volts to an apparently unconscious man - findings similar to Milgram

Question 5

Limitation: lacked internal validity

Answer 5

-> Participants guessed the electric shocks were fake. So they were “play-acting”
-> Supported by Perry’s discovery that only 1/2 believed the shocks were real
-> participants may have been responding to demand characteristics

Question 6

Situational Variables: Proximity

Answer 6

-> Teacher & Learner in the same room.
-> Obedience dropped from 65% to 40%

Question 7

Situational Variables: Proximity (Touch)

Answer 7

-> Teacher forced Learner’s hand onto a shock plate
-> Obedience rate = 30%

Question 8

Situational Variables: Proximity (Remote -Instruction)

Answer 8

-> Experimenter left room and gave instructions by phone
-> Obedience rate = 20.5% & participants often pretended to give shocks

Question 9

Situational Variables: Location

Answer 9

-> Study done in run-down office
-> Obedience rate = 47.5
-> Higher in university as it’s a legitimate setting

Question 10

Situational Variables: Uniform

Answer 10

-> Experimenter took phone call - role taken over by “ordinary member of public” in everyday clothes
-> Obedience rate = 20%
-> Uniform shows legitimacy of authority

Question 11

Situations variables %s

Answer 11

Baseline = 65%
Location = 47.5%
Proximity = 40%
Touch proximity = 30%
Remote-instruction proximity = 20.5 %
Uniform = 20%

Question 12

Strength: Supports Situational Variables

Answer 12

Bickman: confedorates dressed in different uniform and gave out demands, e.g. pick up litter. People 2x more likely to obey “security guard” than “jacket guy”. Shows situational variables have powerful effect on obedience.

Question 13

Limitation: low internal validity

Answer 13

Variations likely to trigger suspicion because of extra experimental manipulation. Results are unclear if they’re due to obedience or “play-acting” - influenced by demand characteristcs.