Shoulder test questions

Question 0

When are the coracohumeral ligaments and GH ligaments tight?

Answer 0

Adduction

Question 1

Which ligaments in the GHJ (glenohumeral joint) restrain ER and ABD?

Answer 1

Coracohumeral ligaments & glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle and inferior)

Question 2

when is there more shoulder ER instability in the GHJ?

Answer 2

90 degrees of ABD

there is more instability here than at 0 degrees of ABD

Question 3

How much depth does the labrum provide in the GHJ?

Answer 3

adds 50%

doubles the depth of the glenoid fossa

Question 4

What is a Bankart lesion?

Answer 4

When the glenoid labrum is torn away from the glenoid fossa during G-H dislocation

Question 5

(1)What does the labrum do and (2)what will happen if it is injured?

Answer 5

(1) acts as a valve with the humeral head that creates a seal against atmospheric pressure and limits excessive translation
(2) it will increase joint instability (because the seal was broken)

Question 6

what is the origin and insertion of the superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL)?

Answer 6

O: superior portion of labrum and base of coracoid process
I: superior aspect of humeral neck

Question 7

At which position/s is the SGHL tight and relaxed?

Answer 7

Tight: full adduction with arm at side or with an inferior translation
Relaxed: during abduction

Question 8

What is the origin and insertion of the middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL)?

Answer 8

O: beneath the supraglenoid tubercle and anterior superior portion of the labrum
I: just medial to the lesser tuberosity
- it blends with the fibers of the subscapularis

Question 9

What forces does the MGHL resist?

Answer 9

• Anterior directed force with arm in an adducted position up to approximately 45 degrees
• limits extreme ER with arm at side
• acts as a secondary stabilizer with anterior translation

Question 10

What is the origin and insertion of the Inferior glenohumeral ligament complex (IGHLC)?

Answer 10

O: attached proximally along anterior inferior rim of glenoid fossa and to glenoid labrum
I: attaches distally at the anterior and posterior inferior margins of the anatomical neck of the humerus
(note!!! it has an anterior and posterior band)

Question 11

Where is the location for the only articulation with the axial skeleton?

Answer 11

At the sternoclavicular joint

Question 12

What can cause variation in the resting scapular position?

Answer 12

• Pain
• Muscle fatigue
• Compensation
• Poor posture
• Hand dominance
• Occupation
• Muscle tone
• Age

Question 13

What is the function of the bursa ?

Answer 13

To reduce friction between tendons, muscles, ligaments and bones

Question 14

What structures are all in the subacromial space?

Answer 14

• Suprispinatus
• Bursa
• Superior joint capsule
• Origin of long head of bicep brachii

Question 15

Why is it hard to elevate the arm when the arm is in full internal rotation?

Answer 15

The greater tuberosity comes in contact with the acromion

Question 16

What arthokinematics are lacking when you have impingement with abduction?

Answer 16

You have superior roll without inferior glide

Question 17

During G-H elevation with external rotation, if the scapula is fixed how far can you abduct the arm?

Answer 17

You can only abduct the arm to 90 degrees

Question 18

At the SC and AC joint how many degrees contribute to elevation and which is early and which is late?

Answer 18

• SC: 30 degrees early and nearly completed by 90 degrees

- AC: 15 degrees early and 15 degrees late after 135 degrees of ABD

Question 19

When is the coracoclavicular ligament tight?

Answer 19

When the coracoid moves downward

- (NOTE!!!) it will pull on clavicle and cause clavicle to posterior rotate approximately 50 degrees

Question 20

What is the painful arc?

Answer 20

• injury to the subacromial bursa or Suprispinatus tendon

- causes inflammation and swelling

Question 21

At what degree does the painful arc start? (approximately)

Answer 21

100 degrees of abduction