Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

upper extremity > Elbow and forearm test questions > Flashcards

Elbow and forearm test questions Flashcards

0
Q

what is the cubital angle? what is “normal” for men and women?

A

the angle formed between the long axis of the humerus and the forearm during extension of the elbow
Men: 5-10 degrees
Women: 10-15 degrees
aka: carrying angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

what is cubital valgus? what is cubital varus?

A

Valgus: condition in which the forearm is more LATERAL than normal (increased carrying angle)
Varus: condition in which the forearm is more MEDIAL than normal (decreased carrying angle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the elbow joint capsule?

A

it encloses the humeralulnar, humeralradial and proximal radioulnar joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where does the elbow joint capsule attach?

A

medial and lateral epicondyles, the coronoid process, the annular ligament, and the olecranon fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the elbow joint capsule strengthened by?

A

the oblique bands of fibrous tissue and the collateral ligaments (UCL, RCL, annular ligament )
note!: the ucl is the same as mcl, rcl=lcl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a osterochondritis dessican? In which population is this common in?

A

(1) fragmentation of the articular cartilage within the joint due to lack of blood flow
(2) in immature throwing athletes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what happens to the humeroradial joint during a throwing motion?

A

you have an increased lateral compressive forces which occurs in the lateral elbow at the radiocapitellar joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what do mecahnoreceptors in ligaments do?

A

detects safe limits of passive tension and important for proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

radial collateral ligament origin and insertion

A

O: lateral epicondyle
I: splits into 2 parts; one set of fibers inserts onto the annular ligament; one set of fibers inserts distally on the supinator crest of the ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what force/s does the radial collateral ligament resist against?

A

varus forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when is the RCL tight?

A

full flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens there there is an injury to the RCL?

A

results in posteriorlateral rotatory instability

note: the ulna supinates on the humerus and the radial head dislocates in the posterolateral direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) origin and insertion

A

O: medial epicondyle
I: coronoid process and olecranon process
note: there is an anterior, posterior and oblique band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does the posterior band of the UCL protect?

A

the ulnar nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which band of the UCL is the strongest?

A

anterior band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which force does the UCL protect againt?

A

valgus forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When does the UCL provide the greatest stability from forces?

A

in full flexion

note: during extension the stability comes from UCL, capsule, and humeroradial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when the UCL tears what happens? (where is it instable) (what can be affected with a UCL tear)

A

valgus instability

can be accompanied with pain, nerve damage and bone damaged

18
Q

Annular ligament origin and insertion?

A

O: anterior aspect of the radial notch of the ulna
I: posterior aspect of the radial notch of the ulna

19
Q

what is the function of the AL?

A
  • helps keep the radial head in the radial notch of the ulna

- allows it to rotate

20
Q

How can the annular ligament be injured? (in children)

A

by an adult pulling on a child’s forearm forcing it into full extension
- radius can be subluxed from the annular ligament

21
Q

Quadrate ligament origin and insertion?

A

O: inferior radial notch
I: neck of the radius

22
Q

Oblique (transverse) cord origin and insertion?

A

O: inferior radial notch
I: inferior bicipital tuberosity of the radius

23
Q

what does the quadrate ligament do?

A

reinforces the inferior joint capsule

24
Q

what does the oblique cord do?

A

resists distal disarticulation of the radius during pulling movements

25
Q

what is the function of the interosseous membrane?

A

provides longitudinal stability and transmits forces between the radius and ulna

26
Q

elbow flexors

A

biceps, brachialis, brachialradialis, and pronator teres

27
Q

when do the biceps have maximum force?

A

simultaneous elbow flexion and supination

28
Q

when is the brachialis active? at which point does it provide the greatest torque?

A

(1) entire elbow flexion
(2) at 100 degrees of elbow flexion
note: contraction through a short distance causes the hand to move through a large range with high velocity

29
Q

elbow extensors

A

triceps and anconeous

30
Q

what is the difference (in recruitment) between the different heads of the triceps?

A

medial: active in all extension motions

lateral & long: only recruited with resisted or “fast” movements

31
Q

when is the anconeous active? what is its secondary “job”?

A

(1) extension, pronation, and supination

(2) helps stabilize the ulna

32
Q

when do the extensors have the highest torque?

A

when the elbow is flexed to 90 degrees

33
Q

supinators

A

supinator and biceps

34
Q

which one is stronger supinators or pronators?

A

supinators (but only slightly)

35
Q

pronators

A

pronator teres and pronator quadratus

36
Q

when are the supinators and pronators the strongest?

A

90 degrees of elbow flexion

37
Q

what is tennis elbow?

A

tendinosus caused by overuse of the extensor tendons originating from the lateral epicondyle

38
Q

what is golfers elbow?

A

tendinosus caused by overuse of the flexor tendons originating from the medial epicondyle

39
Q

when do you commonly see a nerve injury in the elbow

A

when there is a fracture to the humerus

40
Q

Where can the radial n. get impinged? what is this called? what will be weak? and what sport is this common in?

A

(1) at the supinator
(2) posterior interosseous nerve syndrome
(3) wrist extensors
(4) racquet sports

41
Q

Where can the median n. get impinged? what is this called? what will be weak? what can cause this (what motion/s)?

A

(1) at the pronator teres
(2) pronator syndrome
(3) thumb, middle and index fingers
(4) repetitive supination and pronation motions

42
Q

Where can the ulnar n. get impinged? what is this called? what will be weak (what test will be positive with this)? and what sport/population is this common in?

A

(1) ulnar tunnel/grove
(2) cubital tunnel syndrome
(3) patient won’t be able to pinch thumb and fingers together and hold position; positive fromont sign
(4) throwers

upper extremity (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions