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Upper Limb > Shoulder & PSR > Flashcards

Shoulder & PSR Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pectoral girdle?

A

The set of bones which connects the arm to each side

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2
Q

What bones does the pectoral girdle consist of?

A

clavicle and scapula

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3
Q

What are the 3 angles of the scapula?

A

lateral, superior, inferior

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4
Q

What are the 3 borders of the scapula?

A

superior, lateral, medial

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5
Q

What are the 2 surfaces of the scapula?

A

costal, posterior

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6
Q

What are the 3 processes of the scapula?

A

acromion, spine, coracoid

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7
Q

What is the glenoid cavity?

A

a shallow comma shaped cavity which articulates with the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral joint

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8
Q

What is the infraglenoid tubercule?

A

a large triangular shaped roughening inferior to the glenoid cavity; it is the site of attachment for the long head of the triceps brachii muscle

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9
Q

What is the supraglenoid tubercule?

A

Tubercule located superior to the glenoid cavity; it is the site of attachment for the long head of the biceps brachii muscle

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10
Q

What is the acromion?

A

An anterolateral projection of the spine; it arches over the glenohumeral joint and articulates, via a small oval facet, with the clavicle

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11
Q

What is the coracoid process?

A

A hook-like structure that projects anterolaterally and is positioned directly inferior to the lateral part of the clavicle

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12
Q

What does the proximal end of the humerus consist of?

A 
Head
Anatomical neck
Greater & lesser tubercules
Surgical neck
Superior half of the shaft of the humerus
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13
Q

What are the 3 facets of the greater tubercule (proximal humerus) and which muscles attach to them?

A 
Superior facet (supraspinatus)
Middle facet (infraspinatus)
Inferior facet (teres minor)
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14
Q

Which muscle attaches to the lesser tubercule (proximal humerus)

A

subscapularis muscle

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15
Q

What seperates the greater and lesser tubercules?

A

Intertubebercular sulcus (bicipital groove)

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16
Q

What passs through the intertubecular sulcus?

A

The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii

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17
Q

What are the 3 joints of the shoulder complex?

A

Sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
Glenohumeral

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18
Q

Where does the sternoclavicular joint occur?

A

Between the proximal end of the clavicle and the clavicular notch of the manubrium of the sternum (with a small part of the 1st costal cartilage)

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19
Q

What does the sternoclavicular joint allow?

A

Movement of the clavicle, in the anteroposterior and vertical planes (some rotation)

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20
Q

Which 4 ligaments reinforce the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
Interclavicular ligament
Costoclavicular ligament

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21
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

A small synovial joint between an oval facet on the medial surface of the acromion and a similar facet on the acromial end of the clavicle

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22
Q

What movement does the acromioclavicular joint allow?

A

Movement in the anteroposterior and vertical planes together with some axial rotation

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23
Q

Which 2 ligaments reinforce the acromioclavicular joint?

A 
Acromioclavicular ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament (consists of anterior trapezoid and posterior conoid ligament)
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24
Q

What is the glenohumeral joint?

A

A synovial ball and socket articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula

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25
Q

How is stability provided to the glenohumeral joint?

A

Rotator cuff muscles
Long head of the biceps brachii muscle
Related bony processes
Extracapsular ligaments

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26
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the glenohumeral joint?

And what are they covered by?

A

Head of humerus & glenoid cavity of the scapula

Hyaline cartilage

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27
Q

What are the 2 most superficial muscles of the shoulder?

A

Trapezius

Deltoid

28
Q

What does the trapezius attach?

A

It attaches the scapula and clavicle to the trunk

29
Q

What does the deltoid attach?

A

It attaches the scapula and clavicle to the humerus

30
Q

What is the origin of the trapezius?

A

Superior nuchal line,
External occipital protuberance
Medial margin of the ligamentum nuchae
Spinous processes of CVII to TXII and related supraspinous ligaments

31
Q

What is the insertion of the trapezius?

A

Superior edge of the spine of the scapula, acromion, posterior border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle

32
Q

What is the function of the trapezius?

A

Powerful elevator of the scapula
Rotates the scapula during abduction of humerus above horizontal
Middle fibres retract scapula
Lower fibres depress scapula

33
Q

What is the origin of the deltoid?

A

Inferior edge of the crest of the spine of the scapula, lateral margin of the acromion
Anterior border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle

34
Q

Where is the insertion of the deltoid?

A

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

35
Q

What is the function of the deltoid?

A

Major abductor of the arm (abducts arm beyond initial 15 degrees done by supraspinous)
Clavicular fibres assist in flexing arm
Posterior fibres assist in extending arm

36
Q

Where is the origin of the levator scapulae?

A

Transverse processes of CI and CII vertebrae and posterior tuberules of transverse of CIII and CIV vertebrae

37
Q

Where is the insertion of the levator scapulae?

A

Posterior surface of medial border of scapula from superior angle to root of spine of the scapula

38
Q

What is the function of the levator scapulae?

A

Elevates the scapula (duh)

39
Q

Where is the origin of the rhomboid minor?

A

Lower end of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of CVII abd TI vertebrae

40
Q

Where is the insertion of the rhomboid minor?

A

Posterior surface of medial border of scapula at the root of the spine of the scapula

41
Q

What is the function of the rhomboid minor?

A

Elevates and retracts scapula

42
Q

Where is the origin of the rhomboid major?

A

Spinous procesess of TII-TV vertebrae and intervening supraspinous ligaments

43
Q

Where is the insertion of the rhomboid major?

A

Posterior surface of medial border of scapula from the root of the spine of the scapula to the inferior angle

44
Q

What is the function of the rhomboid major?

A

Elevates and retracts the scapula

45
Q

Which 4 muscles does the posterior scapular region contain?

A 
Supraspinous
Infraspinous
Teres minor
Teres Major
(Also contains part of the long head of the triceps brachii)
46
Q

Which 3 muscles are components of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Supraspinous
Infraspinous
Teres minor

47
Q

Where is the origin of the long head of triceps brachii?

A

Infraglenoid tubercule on scapula

48
Q

Where is the insertion of the long head of triceps brachii?

A

Common tendon of insertion with medial and lateral heads on the olecranon process of ulna

49
Q

What is the function of the long head of triceps brachii?

A

Extension of forearm at the elbow joint

Accessory adductor and extensor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

50
Q

What is the suprascapular foramen?

A

The route through which structures pass between the base of the neck and the posterior scapular region

51
Q

What forms the suprascapular foramen?

A

Suprascapular notch

Superior transverse scapular (suprascapular) ligament

52
Q

What passes through the suprascapular foramen?

A

The suprascapular nerve

53
Q

List the boundaries of the quadrangular space (posterior)

A

Inferior margin of the teres minor
Surgical neck of the humerus
Superior margin of the teres major
Lateral margin of the long head of the triceps brachii

54
Q

What passes through the quadrangular space?

A

Axillary nerve

Posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein

55
Q

What is the triangular space?

A

An area of communication between the axilla and the posterior scapular region

56
Q

List the boundaries of the triangular space (posterior view)

A

medial margin of the long head of the triceps brachii
Superior margin of the teres major
Inferior margin if the teres minor

57
Q

What passes through the triangular space?

A

Circumflex scapular artery and vein

58
Q

List the boundaries of the triangular interval

A

Lateral margin of the long head of the triceps brachii
Shaft of the humerus
Inferior margin of the teres major

59
Q

What passes through the triangular interval?

A

Radial nerve

Profunda brachii artery and associated veins

60
Q

What are the two major nerves of the posterior scaapular region?
And where do the originate from

A

Suprascapular & axillary nerves

Brachial plexus

61
Q

What does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

62
Q

Where does the suprascapular nerve originate?

A

Superior trunk of the brachial plexus

base of neck

63
Q

Where does the axillary nerve originate?

A

Posterior cord of the brachial plexus

64
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

Deltoid and teres minor

Cutaneous branch carries general sensation from the skin over the inferior part of the deltoid muscle

65
Q

List the 3 major arteries found in the posterior scapular region

A

Suprascapular
Posterior circumflex humeral
Circumflex scapular

66
Q

Where is the origin of the suprascapular artery?

A

Base of neck; a branch off the thyrocervial trunk

67
Q

Where is the origin of the posterior circumflex humeral artery?

A

Third part of the axillary artery in the axilla

Upper Limb (4 decks)

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